Rol de enfermería en la prevención de la transmisión vertical del VIH
Fecha
2022-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil - Ciencias Médicas-Carrera de Enfermería
Resumen
El VIH es una gran amenaza a nivel mundial y puede transmitirse de madre a hijo durante el embarazo, parto o lactancia, por ello, el personal asistencial debe asumir un rol activo en el desarrollo de estrategias eficaces de precaución. El objetivo del trabajo investigativo fue determinar el rol de enfermería en la prevención de la transmisión vertical del VIH en el hospital Matilde Hidalgo de Procel. La metodología del presente documento consistió en una
investigación cualitativa, de campo y descriptiva, con enfoque interpretativo, cuyos datos se recogieron a través de una entrevista dirigida a cinco profesionales de enfermería. Los resultados comprobaron que entre los factores de riesgo en la transmisión incluyen el desconocimiento de la madre sobre su estado de salud, la lactancia materna y la falta de control prenatal. Además, los cuidados de enfermería incluyen recibir a la paciente, prepararla para el tratamiento, vigilar la continuidad del tratamiento y administrar medicamentos según lo indicado por el médico. Se realizó una aproximación teórica basada en la teoría general de enfermería de Dorothea Orem y la teoría de la conservación de Levine, tomando en consideración las categorías, subcategorías y palabras claves determinadas en el desarrollo de
las entrevistas. En conclusión, un profesional de enfermería debe cumplir con cuatro roles que son: educación, coordinación del cuidado, vigilancia y seguimiento, y cuidado directo del paciente. Por lo tanto, los profesionales de enfermería tienen un papel crucial en la identificación temprana de estos factores de riesgo y en la implementación de medidas preventivas adecuadas
HIV is a great threat worldwide and can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or lactation, therefore, health care personnel must assume an active role in the development of effective precautionary strategies. The objective of the research work was to determine the role of nursing in the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in the Matilde Hidalgo de Procel hospital. The methodology of this document consisted of a qualitative, field and descriptive investigation, with an interpretive approach, whose data was collected through an interview addressed to five nursing professionals. The results confirmed that the risk factors for transmission include the mother's lack of knowledge about her state of health, breastfeeding, and lack of prenatal care. In addition, nursing care includes receiving the patient, preparing her for treatment, monitoring the continuity of treatment, and administering medications as indicated by the physician. A theoretical approach was made based on Dorothea Orem's general nursing theory and Levine's conservation theory, taking into account the categories, subcategories and keywords determined in the development of the interviews. In conclusion, a nursing professional must fulfill four roles that are: education, coordination of care, surveillance and follow-up, and direct care of the patient. Therefore, nursing professionals have a crucial role in the early identification of these risk factors and in the implementation of adequate preventive measures.
HIV is a great threat worldwide and can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or lactation, therefore, health care personnel must assume an active role in the development of effective precautionary strategies. The objective of the research work was to determine the role of nursing in the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in the Matilde Hidalgo de Procel hospital. The methodology of this document consisted of a qualitative, field and descriptive investigation, with an interpretive approach, whose data was collected through an interview addressed to five nursing professionals. The results confirmed that the risk factors for transmission include the mother's lack of knowledge about her state of health, breastfeeding, and lack of prenatal care. In addition, nursing care includes receiving the patient, preparing her for treatment, monitoring the continuity of treatment, and administering medications as indicated by the physician. A theoretical approach was made based on Dorothea Orem's general nursing theory and Levine's conservation theory, taking into account the categories, subcategories and keywords determined in the development of the interviews. In conclusion, a nursing professional must fulfill four roles that are: education, coordination of care, surveillance and follow-up, and direct care of the patient. Therefore, nursing professionals have a crucial role in the early identification of these risk factors and in the implementation of adequate preventive measures.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ENFERMERÍA, VIH, TRANSMISIÓN VERTICAL, CUIDADOS