Características epidemiológicas de UCI pediátrico en niños de 1 a 10 años
Fecha
2023
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
INTRODUCCIÓN: La terapia intensiva pediátrica es un área especializada en el
cuidado de pacientes críticos debido a la alta complejidad de su manejo en el
cual se realiza una valoración más compleja y se mantiene un control exhaustivo
de cada paciente según su diferente patología, a cargo de profesionales
especializados como pediatras, enfermeras, terapistas respiratorios con
entrenamiento en cuidados intensivos pediátricos. Este trabajo de investigación
tiene como Objetivo identificar las características epidemiológicas de UCI
Pediátrico en niños de 1 a 10 años en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur en la
Ciudad de Guayaquil entre enero a diciembre de 2022.
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Este estudio procede una metodología de
investigación cuantitativa, de tipo no experimental, por lo tanto es observacional,
con modelo descriptivo, línea de tiempo transversal, para analizar las
características epidemiológicas de la UCI Pediátrico mediante el uso de la base
de datos electrónicos subidos en el sistema del Hospital, se obtuvo la edad y el
sexo predominante, enfermedad más frecuente en el ingreso a la UCIP, factores
de riesgo asociados y complicaciones presentadas.
RESULTADOS: El número de la población en estudio ingresados en UCI
Pediátrico fueron 52 pacientes. El 36.5% corresponden al grupo etario de 1-2
años que es un total de 19 pacientes, predomina en ingreso a UCIP. El 50% de
los pacientes estudiados son de género masculino total de 26 pacientes, y el
otro 50% al sexo femenino. Dentro de las enfermedades más comunes de
ingreso hospitalario a UCI Pediátrico encontramos: Neumonía 30.8%
correspondiente a 16 pacientes, Asma crítica 13.5% que equivale a 7 pacientes.
El 17.31% presentaron como factor de riesgo bajo peso que corresponde a 9
pacientes, el 11.54% 6 pacientes tienen obesidad, el 9.62% tiene de
antecedente asma bronquial 5 pacientes. Las complicaciones encontradas
38.5% que corresponde a 20 pacientes con Insuficiencia respiratoria aguda,
sepsis con 3.8 % 2 casos, neumonía 1.9% 1 caso y absceso pulmonar 1.9 % 1
caso.
CONCLUSIONES: El grupo de edad con ingresos más frecuentes a la unidad
de cuidados intensivos pediátricos fue de 1 a 2 años, las enfermedades más
comunes que ameritaron ingreso a UCIP fueron: Neumonía, Asma critica,
Estatus Epiléptico, Dengue Grave, Traumatismo Craneoencefálico y
Pancreatitis aguda, esto nos indica que mientras menos edad los niños están
predispuestos a enfermarse con frecuencia relacionado con la inmadurez de su
sistema inmune.
INTRODUCTION: Pediatric intensive care is a specialized area in the care of critically ill patients due to the high complexity of its management, in which a more complex assessment is carried out and exhaustive control of each patient is maintained according to their different pathology, by specialized professionals. such as pediatricians, nurses, respiratory therapists with training in pediatric intensive care. This research work aims to identify the epidemiological characteristics of Pediatric ICU in children from 1 to 10 years of age at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital in the City of Guayaquil between January and December 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study follows a quantitative research methodology, of a non-experimental type, therefore it is observational, with a descriptive model, transversal time line, to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the Pediatric ICU by using the electronic database uploaded in the Hospital system, the predominant age and sex, the most frequent disease on admission to the PICU, associated risk factors and complications presented were obtained. RESULTS: The number of the study population admitted to the Pediatric ICU was 52 patients. 36.5% correspond to the age group of 1-2 years, which is a total of 19 patients, predominates in admission to the PICU. 50% of the patients studied are male with a total of 26 patients, and the other 50% are female. Among the most common diseases for hospital admission to the Pediatric ICU we find: Pneumonia 30.8% corresponding to 16 patients, Critical asthma 13.5%, equivalent to 7 patients. 17.31% presented low weight as a risk factor corresponding to 9 patients, 11.54% 6 patients have obesity, 9.62% have a history of bronchial asthma 5 patients. The complications found 38.5% corresponding to 20 patients with acute respiratory failure, sepsis with 3.8% 2 cases, pneumonia 1.9% 1 case and lung abscess 1.9% 1 case. CONCLUSIONS: The age group with the most frequent admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit was from 1 to 2 years, the most common diseases that required admission to the PICU were: Pneumonia, Critical asthma, Epileptic Status, Serious Dengue, Head Trauma and Acute Pancreatitis, This indicates that the younger children are predisposed to getting sick frequently related to the immaturity of their immune system. Key words: Intensive care unit, epidemiology, pediatrics, pneumonia, respiratory failure.
INTRODUCTION: Pediatric intensive care is a specialized area in the care of critically ill patients due to the high complexity of its management, in which a more complex assessment is carried out and exhaustive control of each patient is maintained according to their different pathology, by specialized professionals. such as pediatricians, nurses, respiratory therapists with training in pediatric intensive care. This research work aims to identify the epidemiological characteristics of Pediatric ICU in children from 1 to 10 years of age at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital in the City of Guayaquil between January and December 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study follows a quantitative research methodology, of a non-experimental type, therefore it is observational, with a descriptive model, transversal time line, to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the Pediatric ICU by using the electronic database uploaded in the Hospital system, the predominant age and sex, the most frequent disease on admission to the PICU, associated risk factors and complications presented were obtained. RESULTS: The number of the study population admitted to the Pediatric ICU was 52 patients. 36.5% correspond to the age group of 1-2 years, which is a total of 19 patients, predominates in admission to the PICU. 50% of the patients studied are male with a total of 26 patients, and the other 50% are female. Among the most common diseases for hospital admission to the Pediatric ICU we find: Pneumonia 30.8% corresponding to 16 patients, Critical asthma 13.5%, equivalent to 7 patients. 17.31% presented low weight as a risk factor corresponding to 9 patients, 11.54% 6 patients have obesity, 9.62% have a history of bronchial asthma 5 patients. The complications found 38.5% corresponding to 20 patients with acute respiratory failure, sepsis with 3.8% 2 cases, pneumonia 1.9% 1 case and lung abscess 1.9% 1 case. CONCLUSIONS: The age group with the most frequent admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit was from 1 to 2 years, the most common diseases that required admission to the PICU were: Pneumonia, Critical asthma, Epileptic Status, Serious Dengue, Head Trauma and Acute Pancreatitis, This indicates that the younger children are predisposed to getting sick frequently related to the immaturity of their immune system. Key words: Intensive care unit, epidemiology, pediatrics, pneumonia, respiratory failure.
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PEDIATRIA, NEUMONIA, UNIDADES DE CUIDADO INTENSIVO PEDIATRICO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, HOSPITAL GENERAL GUASMO SUR, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR