Resistencia a fármacos antituberculosos en afectados atendidos en las unidades del ministerio de salud pública de la provincia del Guayas. Periodo 2009-2012.
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2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología. Escuela de Postgrado "Dr. José Apolo Pineda".
Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la prevalencia y medidas preventivas de resistencia a fármacos antituberculosos en afectados atendidos en las unidades de salud del Guayas, período 2009-2012 mediante un diseño observacional de tipo descriptivo. Esta enfermedad continúa siendo un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial; sin embargo, la emergencia de la tuberculosis drogorresistente (TB-DR) se da mayoritariamente en América, y representa una amenaza al control global de la tuberculosis (TB). La provincia citada concentra la mayor cantidad de afectados: en 2011 reportó 2910 casos, que equivale al 60,57% del total nacional. La proporción de TB-DR en esta zona con respecto al resto de las provincias de Costa es del 81%, y a nivel nacional es 52,18% según el MSP. Los resultados de la prevalencia tanto de TB como de TBDR en Guayas, muestran una tendencia ascendente, acentuado en TBDR para el año 2012, quizá por ser una enfermedad crónica, por la mayor búsqueda de casos, la disponibilidad de nuevos métodos rápidos para diagnosticar resistencias y la existencia de medicamento para incorporar tempranamente a los afectados en esquemas estandarizados e individualizados. Por grupos de edad, la TBDR representó en el 2009 el 38,2% en el grupo de 25 a 34 años, y para el 2012, ese grupo etario seguía siendo el más afectado con un 40,2%, más en hombres con un promedio del 88%, corroborando la hipótesis planteada en esta investigación. Se sugirió mejorar la detección y tratamiento de TB, induciendo al afectado a que termine el tratamiento.
Palabras clave: TUBERCULOSIS, DROGORRESISTENCIA, PREVENCIÓN, ANTIFÍMICOS.
The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of resistance to antituberculosis drugs in patients attending health units in the province of Guayas, 2009-2011 and preventive measures, through a descriptive observational design. Tuberculosis remains a public health problem worldwide, however, the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and is also a health problem in several countries in the world and in the Region of the Americas, which represents a threat to global control of tuberculosis (TB). The province of Guayas is that the largest number of people affected by tuberculosis of Ecuador, in 2011 this province reported 2910 cases of TB, equivalent to 60.57% of the national total. The proportion of DR-TB cases in Guayas with the rest of the provinces of Ecuador's coastal region is on average 81%, and at the national level is 52.18% according to data provided by the MSP. With results of the prevalence of both TB as TBDR in Guayas province as the analyzed data shows an upward trend, accentuated TBDR for 2012, probably because it is a chronic, search for the most cases, the availability of new rapid methods to diagnose strengths and availability of medicine to incorporate early and individualized standardized schemes for those affected. By age group the TBDR represented in 2009 38.2% among the 25 to 34 years and by 2012 this age group remained the most affected with 40.2% of those affected that year. It was more men with an average of 88%. Confirming the hypothesis in this research. Suggesting improve detection and treatment of TB, prompting the affected treatment ends. Keywords: TB, DRUG RESISTANCE, PREVENTION, ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS.
The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of resistance to antituberculosis drugs in patients attending health units in the province of Guayas, 2009-2011 and preventive measures, through a descriptive observational design. Tuberculosis remains a public health problem worldwide, however, the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and is also a health problem in several countries in the world and in the Region of the Americas, which represents a threat to global control of tuberculosis (TB). The province of Guayas is that the largest number of people affected by tuberculosis of Ecuador, in 2011 this province reported 2910 cases of TB, equivalent to 60.57% of the national total. The proportion of DR-TB cases in Guayas with the rest of the provinces of Ecuador's coastal region is on average 81%, and at the national level is 52.18% according to data provided by the MSP. With results of the prevalence of both TB as TBDR in Guayas province as the analyzed data shows an upward trend, accentuated TBDR for 2012, probably because it is a chronic, search for the most cases, the availability of new rapid methods to diagnose strengths and availability of medicine to incorporate early and individualized standardized schemes for those affected. By age group the TBDR represented in 2009 38.2% among the 25 to 34 years and by 2012 this age group remained the most affected with 40.2% of those affected that year. It was more men with an average of 88%. Confirming the hypothesis in this research. Suggesting improve detection and treatment of TB, prompting the affected treatment ends. Keywords: TB, DRUG RESISTANCE, PREVENTION, ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS.
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TUBERCULOSIS, EPIDEMIOLOGIA, RESISTENCIA BACTERIANA A ANTIBIOTICOS