Factores psicosociales que influyen en el afrontamiento del niño de 3 a 5 años a la hospitalización en el Area de Gastroenterología del Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante período 2014 - 2015
Archivos
Fecha
2015
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería
Resumen
El presente estudio de investigación se realizó en el área de gastroenterología del hospital del niño “Francisco Icaza Bustamante” en la ciudad de Guayaquil, tiene un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo prospectivo. Nuestro principal objetivo fue, identificar los factores psicosociales que influyen en el afrontamiento del niño hospitalizado. Para su desarrollo se analizó los cambios durante la etapa preescolar, nuestras variables fueron, los diferentes factores psicosociales, agentes estresores, consecuencias hospitalarias, fases de adaptación. Obtuvimos como resultado que dentro de los factores personales el temperamento más común es la inhibición con un 47%, otro dato importante demuestra que la actitud del niño a la hospitalización fue producto de la sobreprotección de los padres cuyo porcentaje es el 47% y el estrés parental con un 60%, influyen de manera notoria en la conducta del infante y por ende en su afrontamiento a la hospitalización, en lo que refiere a factores hospitalarios se evidenció que la duración de la estancia hospitalaria afecta emocionalmente a el niño con un 53%. En conclusión existen diversos factores que condicionarán la conducta y las reacciones del niño frente al periodo hospitalario, debido que nuestra investigación reflejó que el comportamiento del niño está íntimamente ligado a la intensidad, duración y frecuencia, con las que se realiza los procedimientos médicos, a mayores procedimientos realizados existe una conducta desadaptativa y mayor ansiedad por parte del infante.
This research study was conducted in the area of gastroenterology at the children hospital "Francisco Icaza Bustamante" in Guayaquil, this research was made with a qualitative approach, kind of prospective. Our main objective was to identify the psychosocial factors that influence coping of hospitalized children. To develop this research we worked with some variables like psychosocial factors, stress factors, hospital consequences, adaptation phases which have been analyzed during the preschool years, according to various approaches. The most relevant results of this research show that among personal factors the inhibition with 47% is the most common temperament, another important fact shows that overprotection with 47% and parental stress with 60% markedly influences the behavior of the infant and therefore in their coping with hospitalization, when we talk about hospital factors it was evident that the duration of their stay affects emotional health with 53%, In conclusion there are several factors that will determine the behavior and reactions of children in front of the hospital period, because our research showed that the child's behavior is closely linked to the intensity, duration and frequency which medical procedures are performed, it means with more procedures performed there is a maladaptive behavior and increased anxiety on children.
This research study was conducted in the area of gastroenterology at the children hospital "Francisco Icaza Bustamante" in Guayaquil, this research was made with a qualitative approach, kind of prospective. Our main objective was to identify the psychosocial factors that influence coping of hospitalized children. To develop this research we worked with some variables like psychosocial factors, stress factors, hospital consequences, adaptation phases which have been analyzed during the preschool years, according to various approaches. The most relevant results of this research show that among personal factors the inhibition with 47% is the most common temperament, another important fact shows that overprotection with 47% and parental stress with 60% markedly influences the behavior of the infant and therefore in their coping with hospitalization, when we talk about hospital factors it was evident that the duration of their stay affects emotional health with 53%, In conclusion there are several factors that will determine the behavior and reactions of children in front of the hospital period, because our research showed that the child's behavior is closely linked to the intensity, duration and frequency which medical procedures are performed, it means with more procedures performed there is a maladaptive behavior and increased anxiety on children.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Factores psicosociales, Pediatría, Estudios prospectivos, Preescolar, Adaptación psicológica, Pacientes internos, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador