Estudio del comportamiento de tres híbridos de maíz Zea mays L. con tres distanciamientos de siembra
Fecha
2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente estudio se realizó en la provincia de Santa Elena, cantón Santa Elena, en la comuna “La Azúcar” durante la época seca de 2015, en la propiedad del Sr. Ricardo Bayas y tuvo como objetivos: 1) Conocer el comportamiento agronómico de los tres híbridos de maíz en los tres distanciamientos; 2) Determinar el mejor distanciamiento de siembra en los tres híbridos de maíz; y 3) Realizar un análisis económico de los tratamientos.
Los factores estudiados fueron tres híbridos de maíz DK-7088, DASS 3383 y TROPIC-102 y tres distanciamientos de siembra 0,70 x 0,20m, 0,80 x 0,20 m y 0,90 x 0,20 m, la combinación de estos dos factores dio un total de nueve combinaciones de tratamientos, cuyas variables medidas fueron analizadas bajo el diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cuatro, repeticiones, las comparaciones entre medias de tratamientos se la realizó mediante la prueba de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad
Se concluyó: a) El híbrido TROPIC-102 fue el material que presentó más alto rendimiento de grano, longitud de mazorca, diámetro de mazorca, diámetro de tusa, número de hileras/mazorca, número de granos/hilera, peso de granos/mazorca, peso de tusa y peso de cien granos; b) Con la distancia de siembra de 0,90 x 0,20 m hay mayor longitud de mazorca, altura de planta y diámetro del tallo, mientras que con la distancia de siembra de 0,80 x 0,20 m existe mayor peso de cien semillas, con la distancia de 0,70 x 0,20 m hay una mayor inserción de mazorca; c) El rendimiento de grano más alto se lo encontró con las distancias de 0,80 x 0,20 m y 0,70 x 0,20 m; d) Todos los materiales se interaccionaron con
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la distancia de siembra de 0,80 x 0,20 m en la variable peso de cien granos, ocupando los más altos promedios el híbrido TROPIC-102 y el DASS-3383; e) La mayor inserción de mazorca se la logró con la distancia de siembra de 0,70 x 0,20 con los tres materiales de maíz estudiados, la más baja inserción igualmente la tuvieron los tres materiales pero con el distanciamiento de siembra de 0,80 x 0,20 m; y f) la mejor Tasa marginal de retorno presentó al tratamiento siete (H3 D1) con un valor de 2630%.
This study was conducted in the province of Santa Elena, Santa Elena canton, commune "The Sugar" during the dry season of 2015, the property of Mr. Ricardo Bayas and had the following objectives: 1) To determine the agronomic performance of three corn hybrids in the three spacings; 2) Determine the best planting distance in the three maize hybrids; and 3) Conduct an economic analysis of treatments. The factors studied were three hybrid corn DK-7088, 3383 and TROPIC DASS-102 and three planting distances 0.70 x 0.20 m, 0.20 m and 0.80 x 0.90 x 0.20 m, the combination These two factors resulted in a total of nine combinations of treatments, which measured variables were analyzed under the design of randomized complete block with four repetitions, comparisons between treatment means were the performed by Tukey test at 5% probability It was concluded: a) The hybrid TROPIC-102 was the material that presented higher grain yield, ear length, ear diameter, diameter of cob, number of rows / ear, number of kernels / row, weight of grains / ear , cob weight and weight of hundred grains; b) The planting distance of 0.90 x 0.20 m is no greater ear length, plant height and stem diameter, while the planting distance of 0.80 x 0.20 m brunt of there hundred seeds, with the distance of 0.70 x 0.20 m there is a greater insertion of ear; c) The highest grain yield was found with distances of 0.80 x 0.70 x 0.20 m and 0.20 m; d) All materials interacted with planting distance of 0.80 x 0.20 m in the variable weight of hundred grains, occupying the highest averages hybrid TROPIC-102 and the DASS-3383; e) the greater insertion of the ear is achieved with planting distance of 0.70 x 0.20 withthe three maize materials studied, the lowest insertion were also the three materials but with the planting distance 0, 80 x 0.20 m; and f) the marginal rate of return better treatment presented seven (H3 D1) with a value of 2630%.
This study was conducted in the province of Santa Elena, Santa Elena canton, commune "The Sugar" during the dry season of 2015, the property of Mr. Ricardo Bayas and had the following objectives: 1) To determine the agronomic performance of three corn hybrids in the three spacings; 2) Determine the best planting distance in the three maize hybrids; and 3) Conduct an economic analysis of treatments. The factors studied were three hybrid corn DK-7088, 3383 and TROPIC DASS-102 and three planting distances 0.70 x 0.20 m, 0.20 m and 0.80 x 0.90 x 0.20 m, the combination These two factors resulted in a total of nine combinations of treatments, which measured variables were analyzed under the design of randomized complete block with four repetitions, comparisons between treatment means were the performed by Tukey test at 5% probability It was concluded: a) The hybrid TROPIC-102 was the material that presented higher grain yield, ear length, ear diameter, diameter of cob, number of rows / ear, number of kernels / row, weight of grains / ear , cob weight and weight of hundred grains; b) The planting distance of 0.90 x 0.20 m is no greater ear length, plant height and stem diameter, while the planting distance of 0.80 x 0.20 m brunt of there hundred seeds, with the distance of 0.70 x 0.20 m there is a greater insertion of ear; c) The highest grain yield was found with distances of 0.80 x 0.70 x 0.20 m and 0.20 m; d) All materials interacted with planting distance of 0.80 x 0.20 m in the variable weight of hundred grains, occupying the highest averages hybrid TROPIC-102 and the DASS-3383; e) the greater insertion of the ear is achieved with planting distance of 0.70 x 0.20 withthe three maize materials studied, the lowest insertion were also the three materials but with the planting distance 0, 80 x 0.20 m; and f) the marginal rate of return better treatment presented seven (H3 D1) with a value of 2630%.
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HIBRIDO DE MAIZ, DISTANCIAS DE SIEMBRA