Protocolo de atención de enfermería en niños menores de 5 años con enfermedad diarréica aguda atendidos en la Emergencia del Hospital Enrique Garcés 2012
Fecha
2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
En nuestro país persiste la mal nutrición, la deshidratación infantil a igual que focos de contaminación del agua, del ambiente, entre otras dificultades que aún no son superadas, lo cual constituye un grave problema de Salud Pública, ascendiendo la tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad en niños con enfermedad diarreica aguda, produciendo serios estragos bio-sico-sociales importantes para la población, razón por la que la atención sanitaria debe ser rápida, oportuna para contrarrestar dificultades producidas en el infante. En la investigación los objetivos se encaminaron a: Determinar la prevalencia, filiación, factores de riesgo, de los menores de cinco años con diarrea aguda que acudieron al Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Enrique Garces. Evaluar los conocimientos y la atención de enfermería a pacientes con diarrea aguda para proponer un protocolo de cuidado que mejore la atención de enfermería. Fue un estudio descriptivo, analítico, transversal, propositivo no experimental; contando con el universo de 6899 pacientes y la muestra de 411 menores de cinco años que presentaron diarrea. Las técnicas de recolección de datos fueron la observación y la entrevista estructurada, con su instrumento el registro de actividades y el cuestionario. Los resultados relevantes tenemos una prevalencia de diarreas del 6%, el grupo etario más propenso fue 29,2% de niño/as comprendidos entre 0 a 12 meses, correspondiendo el 54,5% a hombres, 49,4% del sector urbano, el 62,04% consumieron agua potable, con una alimentación hipercalórico el 31,6%, se alimentaron de 3 a 5 comidas diarias el 63,5%, 67,88% llegaron a ser atendidos en menos de 24 h. Dentro de los síntomas el 68,1% presentaron más de cuatro diarreas; 40,9% ojos hundidos, mucosas secas. El personal de enfermería en un 77,4% no utilizó el proceso de enfermería, 71% no valora a los pacientes, 100% no exploran físicamente, 77,4% no identifica prioridades, en un alto porcentaje no cumplen con el registro de actividades. En conclusión esta patología es un problema grave dentro de salud que requiere de atención permanente de calidad, por lo cual se recomienda la protocolización de enfermería en atención para niños/as menores de cinco años con enfermedad diarreica aguda.
In our country persists malnutrition, infant dehydration as sources of water pollution, the environment, among other difficulties not yet overcome, which is a serious public health problem, bringing the rate of morbidity and mortality in children with acute diarrhea, causing serious damage bio -psycho- social importance to the people, why health care should be fast, timely produced to counter difficulties in the infant. The research objectives were aimed to determine the prevalence, affiliation, risk factors, of children under five with acute diarrhea who attended the Hospital Emergency Service Enrique Garces. Evaluate the knowledge and nursing care to patients with acute diarrhea to propose a protocol of care to improve nursing care. It was a descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional, non-experimental proactive, relying on the universe of 6899 patients and the sample of 411 children under five years who had diarrhea. The data collection techniques were observation and structured interview, with his instrument the activity log and questionnaire. The relevant results have diarrhea prevalence of 6% , the age group most likely was 29.2 % of child / as ranging from 0 to 12 months , corresponding to 54.5 % men , 49.4 % of the urban sector , the water consumed 62.04 % , with a 31.6 % high calorie diet , were fed 3-5 meals a day for 63.5 % , 67.88 % came to be seen within 24 h . Among the 68.1 % presented symptoms over four diarrhea, 40.9 % sunken eyes, dry mucous membranes. The nurses in 77.4 % did not use the nursing process, 71 % of patients do not value, 100 % not explore physically, 77.4 % did not identify priorities in a high percentage do not meet the activity log. In conclusion this disease is a serious problem in health care requires ongoing quality, which is recommended protocol of nursing care for children / girls under five years with acute diarrhea.
In our country persists malnutrition, infant dehydration as sources of water pollution, the environment, among other difficulties not yet overcome, which is a serious public health problem, bringing the rate of morbidity and mortality in children with acute diarrhea, causing serious damage bio -psycho- social importance to the people, why health care should be fast, timely produced to counter difficulties in the infant. The research objectives were aimed to determine the prevalence, affiliation, risk factors, of children under five with acute diarrhea who attended the Hospital Emergency Service Enrique Garces. Evaluate the knowledge and nursing care to patients with acute diarrhea to propose a protocol of care to improve nursing care. It was a descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional, non-experimental proactive, relying on the universe of 6899 patients and the sample of 411 children under five years who had diarrhea. The data collection techniques were observation and structured interview, with his instrument the activity log and questionnaire. The relevant results have diarrhea prevalence of 6% , the age group most likely was 29.2 % of child / as ranging from 0 to 12 months , corresponding to 54.5 % men , 49.4 % of the urban sector , the water consumed 62.04 % , with a 31.6 % high calorie diet , were fed 3-5 meals a day for 63.5 % , 67.88 % came to be seen within 24 h . Among the 68.1 % presented symptoms over four diarrhea, 40.9 % sunken eyes, dry mucous membranes. The nurses in 77.4 % did not use the nursing process, 71 % of patients do not value, 100 % not explore physically, 77.4 % did not identify priorities in a high percentage do not meet the activity log. In conclusion this disease is a serious problem in health care requires ongoing quality, which is recommended protocol of nursing care for children / girls under five years with acute diarrhea.
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PEDIATRIA, DISENTERIA, ATENCION DE ENFERMERIA, DESHIDRATACION, DESNUTRICION, PROTOCOLOS, SERVICIO DE URGENCIA EN HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL GENERAL ENRIQUE GARCES, CANTON QUITO, ECUADOR