Incidencia y propuesta de protocolo de atención médica en desastres masivos por accidentes de tránsito en el Area de Emergencia del Hospital Básico de Jipijapa
Fecha
2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
En el área de Emergencia del Hospital Básico de Jipijapa, no se cuenta con guías de atención médica para los desastres masivos por accidentes de tránsito. El objetivo general fue Diseñar un Protocolo de Atención Médica en Desastres Masivos por Accidentes de Tránsito. Los objetivos específicos Determinar la incidencia y la filiación de pacientes registrando edad, sexo, procedencia, instrucción y ocupación; identificar causas, tipos de traumatismos, exámenes, diagnóstico, tratamiento y condiciones de egreso, de los pacientes atendidos por accidente de tránsito. La Metodología que se aplicó fue la investigación descriptiva y no experimental. La muestra fue igual al universo que correspondió a 275 pacientes, desde año 2012 al año 2013, para el caso del personal de salud y autoridades la muestra fue igual al universo. Para dar cumplimiento a los objetivos se aplicaron encuestas a pacientes y personal de salud, se obtuvieron datos reales de la atención. Se empleó observación directa, análisis documental y procesamiento estadístico de datos, cuyos resultados se tabularon estadísticamente y fueron analizados para el diseño de la propuesta. Se obtuvo como resultados que la incidencia de atención en desastres masivos por accidentes de tránsito fue de 3,13%, la edad más frecuente fue la de 21 a 65 años con el 64%, el sexo masculino predominó con el 69,90, en su mayoría provenían del cantón Jipijapa Se identificó como la causa del accidente de tránsito el choque con el 75,27%, entre los tipos de traumatismos el leve fue el que mayor frecuencia tuvo con un 54,91, los exámenes que se le practicaron a los pacientes fueron de laboratorio con el 54,91% y RX con el 40,73; por lo general los pacientes atendidos eran estables, sin embargo falleció una persona, con el 0,36%. También se evalúo el nivel de conocimiento y la calidad de atención médica determinándose que el personal tiene escasos conocimientos sobre el manejo de desastres masivos por accidentes de tránsito, por lo que se diseñó un Protocolo de Atención. Existió buena predisposición de las autoridades, personal de salud y pacientes para llevar a cabo esta investigación.
In the area of Basic Emergency Hospital Jipijapa, there is a not clinical practice guideline for mass disasters accidents. The overall objective was to design a protocol on Massive Disaster Care by traffic accidents. The specific objectives determine the incidence and relationship of patients recorded age, sex, origin, education and occupation, identify causes, types of injuries, screening, diagnosis, treatment and discharge conditions of patients seen by accident. The methodology applied was descriptive and non-experimental research. The sample was equal to the universe that corresponded to 275 patients from 2012 to 2013, in the case of health authorities and the sample was equal to the universe. To comply with the objectives patient surveys and health personnel were applied, actual attendance data was obtained. Direct observation, document analysis and statistical data processing, the results were tabulated and analyzed statistically for proposal design was used. Such analysis indicated that the incidence of care in mass disasters traffic accidents was 3.13 % , the most frequent age was 21 to 65 years with 64 % males predominated with 69.90 in mostly came from canton Jipijapa shock with 75.27 % , the types of trauma was identified as the cause of the accident was the slight more frequently had with a 54.91 , the tests will be performed to patients with laboratory were 54.91 % and 40.73 with the RX , usually served patients were stable , however a person died , with 0.36 %. The level of knowledge and quality of health care staff has determined that the limited knowledge about handling mass disasters road traffic, so that a Protocol was designed Attention was also evaluated. There was willingness of the authorities, health personnel and patients to carry out this research.
In the area of Basic Emergency Hospital Jipijapa, there is a not clinical practice guideline for mass disasters accidents. The overall objective was to design a protocol on Massive Disaster Care by traffic accidents. The specific objectives determine the incidence and relationship of patients recorded age, sex, origin, education and occupation, identify causes, types of injuries, screening, diagnosis, treatment and discharge conditions of patients seen by accident. The methodology applied was descriptive and non-experimental research. The sample was equal to the universe that corresponded to 275 patients from 2012 to 2013, in the case of health authorities and the sample was equal to the universe. To comply with the objectives patient surveys and health personnel were applied, actual attendance data was obtained. Direct observation, document analysis and statistical data processing, the results were tabulated and analyzed statistically for proposal design was used. Such analysis indicated that the incidence of care in mass disasters traffic accidents was 3.13 % , the most frequent age was 21 to 65 years with 64 % males predominated with 69.90 in mostly came from canton Jipijapa shock with 75.27 % , the types of trauma was identified as the cause of the accident was the slight more frequently had with a 54.91 , the tests will be performed to patients with laboratory were 54.91 % and 40.73 with the RX , usually served patients were stable , however a person died , with 0.36 %. The level of knowledge and quality of health care staff has determined that the limited knowledge about handling mass disasters road traffic, so that a Protocol was designed Attention was also evaluated. There was willingness of the authorities, health personnel and patients to carry out this research.
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Desastres, Accidentes de tránsito, Incidencia, Ecuador, Protocolos, Hospital Básico de Jipijapa, Cantón Jipijapa, Ecuador