Determinación del estado nutricional y su relación con el rendimiento escolar en un área urbano marginal de Guayaquil. Curso escolar 2012 – 2013.
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Fecha
2012
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología.
Resumen
Se realizo una investigación de tipo exploratoria, descriptiva y
transversal; con diseño no experimental entre el 1ro de Abril de
2012 y el 30 de Enero de 2013, para determinar el estado
nutricional y su relación con el rendimiento escolar en 8 Escuelas
Privadas de un área urbano marginal de Guayaquil. De un
universo de 1,330 escolares de 5 a 12 años de edad, la muestra se
conformo con 569 malnutridos por exceso; y 28 malnutridos por
defecto. Los malnutridos por defecto evidenciaron ligero
predominio en varones (17 vs 11), y mayor prevalencia en los
subgrupos de 7 en desnutridos y en 6 años de delgados. Los
malnutridos por exceso evidenciaron predominio en varones (329
vs 240), y mayor prevalencia en el subgrupo de 10 años. La
caracterización de las familias evidencio un predominio de
funcionales con 485 (81,2%), y de 524 familias con ingreso
promedio mensual de $500 a $1, 000 USD (87,85%). Se refirió
una prevalencia familiar de 4,2% para enfermedades transmisibles
y 15,7% para no transmisibles. Las evaluaciones del rendimiento
escolar reportadas por los profesores fue de 31,8% con
sobresaliente, 52,6% de muy buena; 14,1% de buena, 1,5% de
regular y 0% de deficiente. No existió relación del rendimiento
escolar con el estado nutricional, por lo que la hipótesis inicial no
se evidencio.
PALABRAS CLAVE: escolares, estado nutricional, rendimiento
escolar, caracterización familiar.
Research was conducted exploratory, descriptive and crossfunctional with non-experimental design between April 1, 2012 and January 30, 2013, to determine the nutritional status and its relationship with school performance in 8 Private Schools area marginal urban Guayaquil. In a universe of 1,330 school children 5-12 years of age, the sample content with over 569 malnourished, and 28 malnourished default. The default malnourished showed slight predominance in males (17 vs. 11), and a higher prevalence in subgroups of 7 in malnourished and thin 6 years. The excess malnourished showed male predominance (329 vs 240), and more prevalent in the subgroup of 10 years. The characterization of the families evidenced functional predominance of 485 (81.2%), and 524 families with average monthly income of $ 500 to $ 1, 000 USD (87.85%). He cited a prevalence of 4.2% relative to diseases and 15.7% non-communicable diseases. School performance assessments reported by teachers was 31.8% with distinction, 52.6% very good, 14.1% good, 1.5% as regular and 0% deficient. There was no relationship between school performance with nutritional status, so that the initial hypothesis is not evidenced. KEYWORDS: school, nutritional status, school performance, family characterization.
Research was conducted exploratory, descriptive and crossfunctional with non-experimental design between April 1, 2012 and January 30, 2013, to determine the nutritional status and its relationship with school performance in 8 Private Schools area marginal urban Guayaquil. In a universe of 1,330 school children 5-12 years of age, the sample content with over 569 malnourished, and 28 malnourished default. The default malnourished showed slight predominance in males (17 vs. 11), and a higher prevalence in subgroups of 7 in malnourished and thin 6 years. The excess malnourished showed male predominance (329 vs 240), and more prevalent in the subgroup of 10 years. The characterization of the families evidenced functional predominance of 485 (81.2%), and 524 families with average monthly income of $ 500 to $ 1, 000 USD (87.85%). He cited a prevalence of 4.2% relative to diseases and 15.7% non-communicable diseases. School performance assessments reported by teachers was 31.8% with distinction, 52.6% very good, 14.1% good, 1.5% as regular and 0% deficient. There was no relationship between school performance with nutritional status, so that the initial hypothesis is not evidenced. KEYWORDS: school, nutritional status, school performance, family characterization.
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Palabras clave
ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, MALNUTRICION, RENDIMIENTO ESCOLAR BAJO