Causas de enterocolitis necrotizante en neonatos y su incidencia, Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton, año 2013
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil.Facultad de Ciencias Médicas.Escuela de Medicina.
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Introducción: La enterocolitis necrotizante neonatal (ECN), es la patología digestiva adquirida más frecuente y grave en el período neonatal. Se asocia con una morbilidad y mortalidad significativa. Los neonatos de pretérmino constituyen el grupo de mayor riesgo en el desarrollo de ECN.
Objetivo: Analizar las causas que aparecieron en neonatos con ECN, para poder hacer un diagnóstico precoz y prevención de la enfermedad en los grupos de riesgo. Cuantificar el porcentaje de ECN durante el año 2013 en la UCIN, conocer la edad, sexo más afectado y las comorbilidades más frecuentes en el grupo de estudio.
Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de observación indirecta, descriptivo, transversal. Se incluyó neonatos ingresados en el área de UCIN del Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón con diagnóstico de ECN en el año 2013.
Resultados: En el año 2013 ingresaron a la UCIN del HAGP 267 neonatos, de los cuales 102 (38.2%) desarrollaron ECN, de los cuales el 70% tenía un peso mayor a 2500 g y el 70% fueron neonatos a término. Fueron diagnosticados con ECN, 35 (34%) de sexo femenino y 67 (66%) de sexo masculino. Entre las comorbilidades más frecuentes están la sepsis con 54% seguido de neumonía connatal con 30%.
Conclusiones: A pesar de que la mayoría de casos de ECN se presentan en niños prematuros y/o de muy bajo peso al nacer, se encontró en este estudio un número mayor de casos en recién nacidos a término tanto por edad gestacional como por peso.
Introduction: Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common acquired gastrointestinal pathology and severe in the neonatal period. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Preterm infants are at greatest risk for developing NEC. Objective: To analyze the causes which were in infants with NEC, to make an early diagnosis and prevention of the disease in those at risk. Quantify the percentage of ECN during 2013 in the NICU, know the age, sex and more affected most frequent comorbidities in the study group. Patients and methods: We conducted a study of indirect observation, descriptive. We included newborns admitted to the NICU of Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Ponton diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis in 2013 Results: In 2013, 267 newborns were admitted to the NICU of HAGP, and 102 (38.2%) of them were diagnosed with NEC, of which 70% had a weight greater than 2500 g, 70% were term newborns. They were diagnosed with ECN, 35 (34%) of these newborns were female and 67 (66%) were male. Among the most frequent comorbidities are sepsis with 54% followed by 30% connatal pneumonia. Conclusions: Although the majority of NEC cases occurs in premature and/or very low weight children, it is outstanding the number of full-term newborns, either on gestational age and weight.
Introduction: Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common acquired gastrointestinal pathology and severe in the neonatal period. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Preterm infants are at greatest risk for developing NEC. Objective: To analyze the causes which were in infants with NEC, to make an early diagnosis and prevention of the disease in those at risk. Quantify the percentage of ECN during 2013 in the NICU, know the age, sex and more affected most frequent comorbidities in the study group. Patients and methods: We conducted a study of indirect observation, descriptive. We included newborns admitted to the NICU of Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Ponton diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis in 2013 Results: In 2013, 267 newborns were admitted to the NICU of HAGP, and 102 (38.2%) of them were diagnosed with NEC, of which 70% had a weight greater than 2500 g, 70% were term newborns. They were diagnosed with ECN, 35 (34%) of these newborns were female and 67 (66%) were male. Among the most frequent comorbidities are sepsis with 54% followed by 30% connatal pneumonia. Conclusions: Although the majority of NEC cases occurs in premature and/or very low weight children, it is outstanding the number of full-term newborns, either on gestational age and weight.
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Enterocolitis necrotizante, Recién nacido de bajo peso, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Pediatría