Obesidad como factor de riesgo de diabetes gestacional en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Mariana de Jesús. Año 2016
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El sobrepeso según estimaciones mundiales recientes de la Organización Mundial De La Salud (OMS) en el año 2014 existían más de 1900 millones de adultos de 18 o más años que lo padecían, de los cuales, más de 600 millones presentaban obesidad y donde aproximadamente 40% eran mujeres con sobrepeso y obesidad. La obesidad en el embarazo es un conflicto para la salud pública, debido a que incrementa los riesgos obstétricos y neonatales. El sobrepeso en mujeres en edad fértil ha aumentado el doble en los últimos 30 años, y el número de gestantes con obesidad también se encuentra en aumento. El sobrepeso y la obesidad materna se asocian a múltiples complicaciones principalmente trastornos hipertensivos y Diabetes Gestacional además de otras como ser aborto espontáneo, parto pretérmino, muerte fetal intrauterina, macrosomía fetal, alteraciones del trabajo de parto y mayor tasa de cesáreas. El objetivo principal de este estudio retrospectivo fue determinar al sobrepeso junto a la obesidad como factores de riesgo para desarrollar diabetes gestacional en el Hospital “Mariana de Jesús” durante el año 2016, identificando el grupo etario, el estado nutricional, la edad gestacional, los niveles glicémicos y los antecedentes patológicos familiares como factores predisponentes para desarrollar diabetes gestacional. El universo estuvo establecido por todas las pacientes embarazas atendidas en el área de consulta externa ginecológica del Hospital “Mariana de Jesús” en el periodo comprendido entre el 1 enero del 2016 al 31 de diciembre del 2016, se estableció en concreto que de cada 10000 pacientes, 107 pacientes presentan diabetes gestacional.
Overweight, according to recent World Health Organization (WHO) estimates in the year 2014, there were more than 1900 million adults aged 18 and over who had it, of which over 600 million were obese and where approximately 40 % Were overweight and obese women. Obesity in pregnancy is a conflict for public health, because it increases obstetric and neonatal risks. Overweight in women of childbearing age has increased twice in the last 30 years, and the number of pregnant women with obesity is also increasing. Overweight and maternal obesity are associated with multiple complications, mainly hypertensive disorders and Gestational Diabetes in addition to others such as spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, intrauterine fetal death, fetal macrosomia, alterations in labor and a higher rate of cesarean sections. The main objective of this retrospective study was to determine the overweight associated with obesity as risk factors for developing gestational diabetes in the "Mariana de Jesus" Hospital during the year 2016, identifying the age group, nutritional status, gestational age, Glycemic levels and familial pathological antecedents as predisposing factors to develop gestational diabetes. The universe was established by all the pregnant patients treated in the area of external gynecological consultation of the Hospital "Mariana de Jesus" in the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016, giving the result that in every 107 per 10000 patients have gestational diabetes.
Overweight, according to recent World Health Organization (WHO) estimates in the year 2014, there were more than 1900 million adults aged 18 and over who had it, of which over 600 million were obese and where approximately 40 % Were overweight and obese women. Obesity in pregnancy is a conflict for public health, because it increases obstetric and neonatal risks. Overweight in women of childbearing age has increased twice in the last 30 years, and the number of pregnant women with obesity is also increasing. Overweight and maternal obesity are associated with multiple complications, mainly hypertensive disorders and Gestational Diabetes in addition to others such as spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, intrauterine fetal death, fetal macrosomia, alterations in labor and a higher rate of cesarean sections. The main objective of this retrospective study was to determine the overweight associated with obesity as risk factors for developing gestational diabetes in the "Mariana de Jesus" Hospital during the year 2016, identifying the age group, nutritional status, gestational age, Glycemic levels and familial pathological antecedents as predisposing factors to develop gestational diabetes. The universe was established by all the pregnant patients treated in the area of external gynecological consultation of the Hospital "Mariana de Jesus" in the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016, giving the result that in every 107 per 10000 patients have gestational diabetes.
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Obesidad, Diabetes gestacional, Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Embarazo