Efectividad de las soluciones coagulantes a partir de la semilla de moringa oleífera en tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas
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Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
El árbol de Moringa Oleífera es una planta valiosa por los diferentes productos que se puede obtener de ella tal es el caso de la semilla de Moringa Oleífera se puede obtener dos productos potenciales: aceite y coagulante, este último es usados en varios países como es caso de Cuba para el tratamiento de aguas residuales de procesos de café, en Venezuela para potabilizar agua de laguna. De acuerdo con lo puntualizado esta investigación busca determinar mediantes análisis físicos-químicos cuál de las diferentes disolución preparadas a partir de la semilla tiene mayor rendimiento como agente coagulante en agua domésticas-urbanas que son descargadas sin tratamiento alguno al Estero Salado en el suburbio de la ciudad de Guayaquil, donde se encuentran asentadas casas con sistemas de drenaje rudimentarios adaptado por sus habitantes. Las soluciones se prepararon utilizaron semillas molidas sin y con extracción del aceite, aplicando algunos solventes: cloruro de sodio, agua destilada caliente, agua destilada a temperatura ambiente y agua potable de la llave. En la verificación de la eficiencia de ellas se utilizó el método de “test de jarra”, los resultados obtenidos a partir de los parámetros analizados (turbidez, color y pH), indican que los biocoagulantes preparados en diferentes dosificaciones coagulan con la particularidad que difieren en los rangos de tiempo en la formación de los floculos y su precipitación. Se concluye que la disolución formada por cloruro de sodio 0.5M y polvo de semilla de moringa oleífera con extracción de aceite presenta un porcentaje de remoción del 95% y un pH 7,5.
The Moringa Oleifera tree is a valuable plant for the different products that can be obtained from it such is the case that from the Moringa Oleifera seed you can obtain two potential products that are oil and coagulant, the latter is used in several countries as it is the case of Cuba for the treatment of wastewater from coffee processes, in Venezuela to purify lagoon water. In accordance with the point of view, this research seeks to determine through physical-chemical analysis which of the different solutions prepared from the seed has a higher yield as a coagulating agent in domestic-urban water that is discharged without any treatment to the Estero Salado in the suburb of the city of Guayaquil, where houses are settled with rudimentary drainage systems adapted by its inhabitants. The solutions were prepared using ground seeds without and with oil extraction, applying some solvents: sodium chloride, hot distilled water, distilled water at room temperature and drinking water from the tap. In the verification of the efficiency of them, the "jar test" method was used, the results obtained from the analyzed parameters (turbidity, color and pH), indicate that the biocoagulants prepared in different dosages coagulate with the particularity that differ in the time ranges in the formation of the floccules and their precipitation. It is concluded that the solution formed by 0.5M sodium chloride and moringa oleifera seed powder with oil extraction has a 95% removal percentage and a pH 7.5.
The Moringa Oleifera tree is a valuable plant for the different products that can be obtained from it such is the case that from the Moringa Oleifera seed you can obtain two potential products that are oil and coagulant, the latter is used in several countries as it is the case of Cuba for the treatment of wastewater from coffee processes, in Venezuela to purify lagoon water. In accordance with the point of view, this research seeks to determine through physical-chemical analysis which of the different solutions prepared from the seed has a higher yield as a coagulating agent in domestic-urban water that is discharged without any treatment to the Estero Salado in the suburb of the city of Guayaquil, where houses are settled with rudimentary drainage systems adapted by its inhabitants. The solutions were prepared using ground seeds without and with oil extraction, applying some solvents: sodium chloride, hot distilled water, distilled water at room temperature and drinking water from the tap. In the verification of the efficiency of them, the "jar test" method was used, the results obtained from the analyzed parameters (turbidity, color and pH), indicate that the biocoagulants prepared in different dosages coagulate with the particularity that differ in the time ranges in the formation of the floccules and their precipitation. It is concluded that the solution formed by 0.5M sodium chloride and moringa oleifera seed powder with oil extraction has a 95% removal percentage and a pH 7.5.
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Moringa Oleifera, Coagulante, Tratamiento de Agua, Turbidez soluciones