Infección de herida quirúrgica en cirugía general, factores de riesgo, estudio a realizar en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón, período 2015
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El objetivo principal de la investigación es conocer la prevalencia de infección de herida quirúrgica en pacientes operados por vía abdominal en forma electiva y de urgencia en el servicio de cirugía general del hospital de especialidades Abel Gilbert Pontón. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, no experimental, por medio de encuestas aplicadas al personal médico y de revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes. Se trata de un estudio en el que se incluyeron los pacientes postoperados por vía abdominal en el servicio de cirugía general, en el periodo comprendido entre enero del 2015 a diciembre 2015. Se analizaron los pacientes que presentaron infección de la herida quirúrgica. Se excluyeron los pacientes que no fueron intervenidos en este hospital. Las variables analizadas fueron edad, genero, tipo de cirugía y patologías asociadas. En el periodo de estudio se analizaron un total de 3.874 procedimientos quirúrgicos de cirugía general. Los principales resultados sugieren que se presentaron 127 casos de infección de herida quirúrgica, de los cuales 37 pacientes presentaron todos los signos de infección, mientras que 25 presentaron solo eritema más secreción purulenta. Hubo 69 mujeres (54,3%) y 58 hombres (45,6%), con edad promedio de 47 años con un rango de de 16 a 79 años. Las cirugías realizadas en orden de frecuencia, apendicetomía, laparotomías exploratorias, colecistectomía, plastias inguinales, plastias umbilicales
Se observo también que la infección de herida quirúrgica depende de la estancia hospitalaria que en algunos casos fue larga por complicaciones quirúrgicas o comorbilidades de los pacientes.
El tipo de cirugía también incide en la infección de herida quirúrgica así como su prolongación y complicaciones que ocurrieron en la misma.
Palabras claves: infección nosocomial, herida quirúrgica, procedimientos quirúrgicos, factores de riesgo, prevención, control
The main objective of the research is to determine the prevalence of surgical wound infection in patients operated abdominally electively and emergency in the general surgery specialty hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón. A non-experimental descriptive retrospective study was conducted through surveys applied to medical personnel and review of medical records of patients. It is a study in which patients who underwent surgery through the abdomen in general surgery, in the period from January 2015 to December 2015. Patients who had surgical wound infection were analyzed included. Patients who were not operated in this hospital were excluded. The variables analyzed were age, gender, type of surgery and associated diseases. In the study period a total of 3,874 surgical procedures in general surgery were analyzed. The main results suggest that 127 cases of surgical wound infection occurred, of which 37 patients had all signs of infection, while 25 had only erythema more purulent discharge. There were 69 women (54.3%) and 58 men (45.6%) with a mean age of 47 years with a range of 16 to 79 years. Surgeries performed in order of frequency, appendectomy, exploratory laparotomy, cholecystectomy, inguinal plasty, umbilical plasty It was also observed that the surgical wound infection depends on the hospital stay which in some cases was long by surgical complications or comorbidities of patients. The type of surgery also affects the surgical wound infection and its extension and complications that occurred in it.
The main objective of the research is to determine the prevalence of surgical wound infection in patients operated abdominally electively and emergency in the general surgery specialty hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón. A non-experimental descriptive retrospective study was conducted through surveys applied to medical personnel and review of medical records of patients. It is a study in which patients who underwent surgery through the abdomen in general surgery, in the period from January 2015 to December 2015. Patients who had surgical wound infection were analyzed included. Patients who were not operated in this hospital were excluded. The variables analyzed were age, gender, type of surgery and associated diseases. In the study period a total of 3,874 surgical procedures in general surgery were analyzed. The main results suggest that 127 cases of surgical wound infection occurred, of which 37 patients had all signs of infection, while 25 had only erythema more purulent discharge. There were 69 women (54.3%) and 58 men (45.6%) with a mean age of 47 years with a range of 16 to 79 years. Surgeries performed in order of frequency, appendectomy, exploratory laparotomy, cholecystectomy, inguinal plasty, umbilical plasty It was also observed that the surgical wound infection depends on the hospital stay which in some cases was long by surgical complications or comorbidities of patients. The type of surgery also affects the surgical wound infection and its extension and complications that occurred in it.
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Infección de la herida quirúrgica, Infección hospitalaria, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador