Familias funcionales y disfuncionales en el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad, TDAH es una de las enfermedades psiquiátricas más frecuentes en la infancia y puede persistir durante la edad adulta. Se caracteriza por una atención lábil, dispersa, impulsiva e inquietud motriz exagerada en los primeros años e incluso en los primeros meses de vida, pero se hace más notable a partir de los tres años e intensa a los seis años de vida. El objetivo es establecer las características de las familias funcionales y disfuncionales en niños diagnosticado de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad en consulta externa infanto-juvenil en el periodo 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre del 2017. Metodología: se realizó un estudio tipo descriptivo, cuantitativo, no experimental y según el tiempo retrospectivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 245 niños de los cuales el 84% masculinos y 16% femeninos en edades comprendidas de 4 a 11 años atendidos en la consulta externa infanto-juvenil del Instituto Neurociencias. Resultados: A pesar de que la mayoría de los niños pertenecían a familias funcionales y un porcentaje menor a familias disfuncionales y se demostró que no existió relación con el vínculo familiar en el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad en la población estudiada. Conclusiones: Es necesario incentivar a los padres a mantener una comunicación familiar fluida, aunque en la relación familiar pueden existir crisis, es importante que se recurra a la comunicación para brindar apoyo en caso de familias disfuncionales y reforzar el vínculo afectivo en familias funcionales.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD is one of the most frequent psychiatric illnesses in childhood and may persist during adulthood. It is characterized by labile, scattered, impulsive attention and exaggerated motor restlessness in the first years and even in the first months of life, but it becomes more noticeable after three years and intense after six years of life. The objective is to establish the characteristics of functional and dysfunctional families in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in outpatient clinic for children and adolescents from January 1 to December 31, 2017. Methodology: a descriptive, quantitative study was conducted, not experimental and according to retrospective time. The sample consisted of 245 children, of whom 84% were male and 16% were female, between the ages of 4 and 11, who were treated in the pediatric and child ward of the Neurosciences Institute outpatient clinic. Results: Although most of the children belonged to functional families and a smaller percentage to dysfunctional families, it was shown that there was no relationship with the family bond in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the population studied. Conclusions: It is necessary to encourage parents to maintain a smooth family communication, although there may be a crisis in the family relationship, it is important that communication is used to provide support in the case of dysfunctional families and strengthen the affective bond in functional families.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD is one of the most frequent psychiatric illnesses in childhood and may persist during adulthood. It is characterized by labile, scattered, impulsive attention and exaggerated motor restlessness in the first years and even in the first months of life, but it becomes more noticeable after three years and intense after six years of life. The objective is to establish the characteristics of functional and dysfunctional families in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in outpatient clinic for children and adolescents from January 1 to December 31, 2017. Methodology: a descriptive, quantitative study was conducted, not experimental and according to retrospective time. The sample consisted of 245 children, of whom 84% were male and 16% were female, between the ages of 4 and 11, who were treated in the pediatric and child ward of the Neurosciences Institute outpatient clinic. Results: Although most of the children belonged to functional families and a smaller percentage to dysfunctional families, it was shown that there was no relationship with the family bond in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the population studied. Conclusions: It is necessary to encourage parents to maintain a smooth family communication, although there may be a crisis in the family relationship, it is important that communication is used to provide support in the case of dysfunctional families and strengthen the affective bond in functional families.
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Familias funcionales, Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad, Familias disfuncionales, Instituto de Neurociencias, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Pediatría