Manejo de las mujeres diagnosticadas con preeclampsia y su incidencia evolución a síndrome de Hellp en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil
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2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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La muerte materna es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial según datos de la OMS. En Ecuador las principales complicaciones en gestantes están vinculadas con trastornos hipertensivos, sin embargo, no se conocen cifras exactas sobre la incidencia del síndrome de HELLP. El síndrome de HELLP se caracteriza por hemolisis, elevación de enzimas hepáticas y plaquetopenia; el presente trabajo de forma observacional indirecta y retrospectiva pretende indicar cual es la incidencia de preeclampsia y su grado, además de conocer la frecuencia del síndrome de HELLP y su tratamiento en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil durante el periodo 2018. Con un total de 357 mujeres atendidas en la consulta externa, 328 desarrollaron preeclampsia (82%), siendo leve en 1 en el 43% (154/357), grave en el 49% (174/357) y Síndrome de HELLP en el 8% (29/357); cuyos principales síntomas fueron la cefalea, alteraciones de diuresis y proteinuria y edema de miembros inferiores; el grado de HELLP fue I en 21/29, II en 5/29 y III en 3/29. El manejo con anti hipertensivos durante las evaluaciones fue con alfametildopa en 202 casos y labetalol en 81, seguidos por calcio antagonistas y beta bloqueantes en menor medida.
Maternal death is one of the main public health problems worldwide according to WHO data. In Ecuador, the main complications in pregnant women are linked to hypertensive disorders, however, exact figures on the incidence of HELLP syndrome are not known. The HELLP syndrome is characterized by hemolysis, elevation of liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia; the present work in an indirect and retrospective observational form aims to indicate what is the incidence of preeclampsia and its degree, in addition to knowing the frequency of HELLP syndrome and its treatment in the University Hospital of Guayaquil during the 2018 period. With a total of 357 women treated in the outpatient clinic, 328 developed preeclampsia (82%), being mild in 1 in 43% (154/357), severe in 49% (174/357) and HELLP syndrome in 8% (29/357 ); whose main symptoms were headache, diuresis and proteinuria alterations and lower limb edema; the degree of HELLP was I in 21/29, II in 5/29 and III in 3/29. Management with antihypertensives during the evaluations was with alphamethyldopa in 202 cases and labetalol in 81, followed by calcium antagonists and beta-blockers to a lesser extent.
Maternal death is one of the main public health problems worldwide according to WHO data. In Ecuador, the main complications in pregnant women are linked to hypertensive disorders, however, exact figures on the incidence of HELLP syndrome are not known. The HELLP syndrome is characterized by hemolysis, elevation of liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia; the present work in an indirect and retrospective observational form aims to indicate what is the incidence of preeclampsia and its degree, in addition to knowing the frequency of HELLP syndrome and its treatment in the University Hospital of Guayaquil during the 2018 period. With a total of 357 women treated in the outpatient clinic, 328 developed preeclampsia (82%), being mild in 1 in 43% (154/357), severe in 49% (174/357) and HELLP syndrome in 8% (29/357 ); whose main symptoms were headache, diuresis and proteinuria alterations and lower limb edema; the degree of HELLP was I in 21/29, II in 5/29 and III in 3/29. Management with antihypertensives during the evaluations was with alphamethyldopa in 202 cases and labetalol in 81, followed by calcium antagonists and beta-blockers to a lesser extent.
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Preeclampsia, Estudios retrospectivos, Síndrome Hellp, Hipertensión inducida en el embarazo, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Embarazo