Incidencia de las complicaciones obstétricas en adolescentes con un período intergenésico menor de 2 años atendidas en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Matilde Hidalgo de Procel en el período mayo 2014 - enero 2015
Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo retrospectivo descriptivo, en el servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Matilde Hidalgo de Procel de la ciudad de Guayaquil, los datos comprendidos desde Mayo del 2014 hasta Enero del 2015 fueron obtenidos del Departamento de Estadística. El objetivo es determinar la incidencia de las complicaciones obstétricas en adolescentes atendidas en el servicio de obstetricia del Hospital Matilde Hidalgo de Procel en el año 2014 – 2015 con el fin de determinar la morbimortalidad materno fetal. Se revisó todas las historias clínicas del servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, que registraron a gestantes adolescentes desde Mayo 2014 a Enero 2015. La muestra fue tomada de estas historias clínicas, y se excluyeron a aquellas que no presentaron complicaciones. Para la recolección de los datos de las historias clínicas, se utilizó un formulario que fue llenado por los investigadores; luego la información recolectada fue ingresada en el programa Excel y analizada en el mismo programa. Se determino que el 36% de adolescentes embarazadas tuvo entre 10 a 14 años de mientras que el 64% de adolescentes embarazadas tuvo entre 15 a 19 años, el 59% perteneció a la zona rural y el 21% ha estudiado la secundaria incompleta. El 22% son casadas, la infección de vías urinarias en el 29%, la amenaza de parto pretérmino representó el 12%; mientras que el parto pretérmino se presentó en el 6%; 13% la ruptura prematura de membranas y 9% la desproporción céfalo pélvica, la preeclampsia representa el 8%, el desgarro perineal grado I se presentó en el 22%. El aborto diferido con el 0%, el aborto completo 15,3 8 %, aborto e n c u r s o 3 , 8 5 %, la amenaza de aborto representó el 7,69%, el aborto séptico en el 0%. El embarazo en adolescentes es muy frecuente en nuestro medio, sobre todo en la población de las zonas rurales, casadas y con una instrucción de secundaria incompleta.
A retrospective descriptive quantitative study took place in the obstetric department of the Matilde Hidalgo de Procel Hospital in Guayaquil city from May 2014 to January 2015 data was obtained from the Statistics Department. We had as object to determine the frequency of obstetric complications in adolescents attending in the obstetric department of the Matilde Hidalgo de Procel Hospital in May 2014 to January 2015 to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. All clinical histories that registered teen pregnancies in the obstetric department during May 2014 to January 2015 were reviewed in Matilde Hidalgo de Procel Hospital. The study`s sample was obtained from these histories, and excluded those without complications. To collect data from the clinical histories, a form was filled, and then the information was processed with Excel program. The 64% of pregnant teens were between 15 and 19 years (late adolescence). 59% came from rural areas. 21% hadn’t completed middle school. 22% of them are married. The main obstetric complications, were urinary tract infection represented 29%, the preterm labor in 12% of teen pregnancies, though preterm birth occurred in the 6% of the cases; premature rupture of membranes occurred in 13% while cefhalopelvic disproportion occurred in 9%, pre-eclampse accounts for 8%, grade I perineal tear was made in the 22%. The deferred abortion with 0%, the complete abortion 15,38%, threatened abortion accounted for 7,69%, abortion in progress at the 3,85%. Teen pregnancy is very common in our society especially in rural population, most of these teenagers were married and with an incomplete middle school.
A retrospective descriptive quantitative study took place in the obstetric department of the Matilde Hidalgo de Procel Hospital in Guayaquil city from May 2014 to January 2015 data was obtained from the Statistics Department. We had as object to determine the frequency of obstetric complications in adolescents attending in the obstetric department of the Matilde Hidalgo de Procel Hospital in May 2014 to January 2015 to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. All clinical histories that registered teen pregnancies in the obstetric department during May 2014 to January 2015 were reviewed in Matilde Hidalgo de Procel Hospital. The study`s sample was obtained from these histories, and excluded those without complications. To collect data from the clinical histories, a form was filled, and then the information was processed with Excel program. The 64% of pregnant teens were between 15 and 19 years (late adolescence). 59% came from rural areas. 21% hadn’t completed middle school. 22% of them are married. The main obstetric complications, were urinary tract infection represented 29%, the preterm labor in 12% of teen pregnancies, though preterm birth occurred in the 6% of the cases; premature rupture of membranes occurred in 13% while cefhalopelvic disproportion occurred in 9%, pre-eclampse accounts for 8%, grade I perineal tear was made in the 22%. The deferred abortion with 0%, the complete abortion 15,38%, threatened abortion accounted for 7,69%, abortion in progress at the 3,85%. Teen pregnancy is very common in our society especially in rural population, most of these teenagers were married and with an incomplete middle school.
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Embarazo en adolescencia, Complicaciones obstétricas, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Materno Infantil Dra. Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador