Evaluación del estado nutricional de niños entre 1 – 4 años de edad en la Consulta Externa del Hospital Docente de la Policía Nacional de Guayaquil utilizando indicadores antropométricos, alimentarios y sociodemográficos asociados al riesgo de desnutrición
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La presente investigación se la realizo en el Hospital Docente de la Policía Nacional de Guayaquil N. 2, Provincia del Guayas, en el área de consulta externa, donde se concluyó en base a los resultados obtenidos que la valoración nutricional representa uno de los pilares más importantes en el paciente pediátrico, tanto para aquel niño que es visto en forma ambulatoria para detectar en forma temprana aquellos casos que tienen riesgos de desnutrición y así tomar conductas de prevención, como para aquel paciente que se ingresa en una institución hospitalaria con el fin de hacer una evaluación en forma completa e integral de su estado de salud y enfermedad y evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento empleado de acuerdo a su patología de base.
Se determinó también que una parte de la población afectada reportó antecedentes de enfermedades de base, o internaciones previas por diarrea u otras infecciones agudas por más de una vez en el último mes. En muchos de los casos en el hogar existe la presencia de varios niños, de los cuales casi todos presentan alteraciones del estado nutricional, por lo cual es importante educar a las parejas jóvenes acerca de planificación familiar brindándoles conocimientos acerca de los métodos anticonceptivos más favorables para ampliar los periodos intergenesicos proporcionando un correcto desarrollo bio-pscico-social del recién nacido.
El porcentaje de niños con sobrepeso va en aumento en nuestro país, por lo tanto es importante ofrecer a los padres o a la persona a cargo del niño información acerca de una nutrición correcta acorde a la edad del niño, siempre promocionando la lactancia materna, que ha demostrado ser el pilar para el mejor comienzo de la vida de un neonato.
This research was conducted at the Teaching Hospital of the National Police No. 2 Guayaquil, Guayas Province, in the area of external consultation, which concluded on the basis of the results obtained, the nutritional assessment represents one of the pillars more important in pediatric patients, both for the child who is seen on an outpatient basis to detect early cases that have risks of malnutrition and thus take preventive behaviors, as for that patient is admitted to a hospital in order to make a complete and comprehensive evaluation in the form of their state of health and disease and assessing response to treatment used according to their underlying disease. It was also determined that some of the affected population reported a history of underlying disease, or previous hospitalizations for acute diarrhea or other infections more than once in the last month. In many cases at home there is the presence of several children, of whom almost all have alterations in nutritional state, so it is important to educate young couples about family planning by providing knowledge about contraceptive methods more favorable to expand interpartal intervals providing proper bio-pscico-social development of the newborn. The percentage of overweight children is increasing in our country, so it is important to offer parents or the person in charge of the child about proper nutrition according to the child's age, always promoting breastfeeding, which has proved to be the mainstay for the best start in the life of a newborn.
This research was conducted at the Teaching Hospital of the National Police No. 2 Guayaquil, Guayas Province, in the area of external consultation, which concluded on the basis of the results obtained, the nutritional assessment represents one of the pillars more important in pediatric patients, both for the child who is seen on an outpatient basis to detect early cases that have risks of malnutrition and thus take preventive behaviors, as for that patient is admitted to a hospital in order to make a complete and comprehensive evaluation in the form of their state of health and disease and assessing response to treatment used according to their underlying disease. It was also determined that some of the affected population reported a history of underlying disease, or previous hospitalizations for acute diarrhea or other infections more than once in the last month. In many cases at home there is the presence of several children, of whom almost all have alterations in nutritional state, so it is important to educate young couples about family planning by providing knowledge about contraceptive methods more favorable to expand interpartal intervals providing proper bio-pscico-social development of the newborn. The percentage of overweight children is increasing in our country, so it is important to offer parents or the person in charge of the child about proper nutrition according to the child's age, always promoting breastfeeding, which has proved to be the mainstay for the best start in the life of a newborn.
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Desnutrición infantil, Lactancia Materna, Diarrea, Hospital Policía Nacional Guayaquil No. 2, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Estado nutricional, Evaluación nutricional, Pediatría, Trastornos de la nutrición del niño, Antropometría