Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y polifenoles totales de los extractos acuosos y etanolicos de la raíz del choclo costeño (Zea mays)
Fecha
2020
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
El maíz costeño (Zea mays) Del total de la planta del choclo costeño (Zea mays) solo se utiliza la mazorca, lo que implica un 75% de desperdicio, en este porcentaje de desperdicio se encuentra la raíz, la cual no se le encuentra ninguna utilidad.Por ello se procedió a determinar los polífenoles totales y la actividad antioxidante en el extracto acuoso y etanólico de la raíz de Zea mays. La investigación se desarrolló en la parroquia Carrizal ubicada en el cantón Milagro, provincia de Guayas, la misma consistió en recolectar la raíz del choclo costeño Zea mays provenientes de los principales productores de la zona, las cuales se les realizó un proceso de extracción en medio acuoso y etanólico para realizar sus respectivos análisis, Finalizada la parte experimental de este estudio en la evaluación del tamizaje fitoquímico, se verificó la presencia de alcaloides en los extractos mediante el ensayo de Dragendorff (+++). En el ensayo de Liebermann – Buchard para triterpenos y/o esteroides el resultado fue positivo (+) en el extracto etanólico por el cambio de coloración. En el ensayo de Cloruro Férrico para fenoles y taninos se demostró la presencia de fenoles en los extractos acuoso (+++), los resultados obtenidos de polífenoles totales fueron los siguientes, en el extracto etanólico0,270 % y en el extracto acuoso0,077 %, mientras que en la actividad antioxidantes se reflejaron los siguientes valores en el extracto etanólico dio un valor de 0,250 mg/mL (Ac. Ascórbico) y 0,775 mg/mL (Ac. Gálico) y en el extracto dio un valor de Acuoso 0,213 mg/mL (Ac. Ascórbico) y 0,643 mg/mL (Ac. Gálico).
Coastal corn (Zea mays) is a crop that is present in the coastal provinces of Manabí, followed by Esmeraldas and Guayas in the coastal region and in the Pastaza province in the Amazon region. Of the total plant of the coastal corn (Zea mays) only the ear is used, which implies 75% waste, in this percentage of waste is the root, which is not useful. Therefore, the total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in the aqueous and ethanolic extract of the Zea mays root were determined. The research was developed in the Carrizal parish located in the Milagro canton, Guayas province, it consisted of collecting the root of the coastal corn Zea mays from the main producers of the area, which were carried out an extraction process in the middle aqueous and ethanolic to perform their respective analyzes. Once the experimental part of this study was completed in the evaluation of the phytochemical screening, the presence of alkaloids in the extracts was verified by means of the Dragendorff test (+++). In the Liebermann-Buchard test for triterpenes and / or steroids the result was positive (+) in the ethanolic extract due to the change in color. In the Ferric Chloride test for phenols and tannins, the presence of phenols in the aqueous extracts (+++) was demonstrated, the results obtained from total polyphenols were the following, in the ethanolic extract 0.270% and in the aqueous extract 0.077%, While in the antioxidant activity the following values were reflected in the ethanolic extract gave a value of 0.250 mg / mL (Ascorbic Ac.) and 0.775 mg / mL (Gallic Ac.) and in the extract gave a value of Aqueous 0.213 mg / mL (Ascorbic Ac.) and 0.643 mg / mL (Gallic Ac.).
Coastal corn (Zea mays) is a crop that is present in the coastal provinces of Manabí, followed by Esmeraldas and Guayas in the coastal region and in the Pastaza province in the Amazon region. Of the total plant of the coastal corn (Zea mays) only the ear is used, which implies 75% waste, in this percentage of waste is the root, which is not useful. Therefore, the total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in the aqueous and ethanolic extract of the Zea mays root were determined. The research was developed in the Carrizal parish located in the Milagro canton, Guayas province, it consisted of collecting the root of the coastal corn Zea mays from the main producers of the area, which were carried out an extraction process in the middle aqueous and ethanolic to perform their respective analyzes. Once the experimental part of this study was completed in the evaluation of the phytochemical screening, the presence of alkaloids in the extracts was verified by means of the Dragendorff test (+++). In the Liebermann-Buchard test for triterpenes and / or steroids the result was positive (+) in the ethanolic extract due to the change in color. In the Ferric Chloride test for phenols and tannins, the presence of phenols in the aqueous extracts (+++) was demonstrated, the results obtained from total polyphenols were the following, in the ethanolic extract 0.270% and in the aqueous extract 0.077%, While in the antioxidant activity the following values were reflected in the ethanolic extract gave a value of 0.250 mg / mL (Ascorbic Ac.) and 0.775 mg / mL (Gallic Ac.) and in the extract gave a value of Aqueous 0.213 mg / mL (Ascorbic Ac.) and 0.643 mg / mL (Gallic Ac.).
Descripción
Pdf
Palabras clave
MAÍZ (ZEA MAYS SPP), POLIFENOLES TOTALES, ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE