Determinantes socioeconómicos de la delincuencia en el Ecuador, período 2014-2019
Fecha
2021-03-10
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo central analizar la evolución de las variables socioeconómicas como el desempleo, la pobreza, la desigualdad económica y la incidencia que históricamente han tenido en los niveles de delincuencia, utilizando como fundamento teórico la economía del crimen.
De manera complementaria se realizó un análisis comparativo con la región latinoamericana con la finalidad de establecer brechas existentes con el Ecuador, además se enfatiza el comportamiento de la delincuencia organizada a partir de los casos de corrupción, suscitados en el periodo de referencia. Se ha utilizado una metodología inductiva y analítica con enfoque mixto, para identificar la relación directa o indirecta entre las variables de estudio y la problemática central. Como resultado se encontró que para el año 2019, existió un aumento del desempleo y la pobreza que alcanzaron una tasa del 3,80% y 25,26% respectivamente, además de una reducción en los ingresos per cápita que pasaron de $6318,48 en el año 2018 a $6260,60 en el 2019, lo que se relaciona con un incremento del 7,67% en los reportes delictivos, siendo el delito de robo a personas el de mayor incidencia con el 40,47% del valor total. Por lo antes mencionado, también se determinó que a pesar que el Estado ha invertido en seguridad ciudadana este no ha tenido resultado en la disminución de la delincuencia, es por esto que es importante el comportamiento de las variables socioeconómicas ya que son las que inciden en el incremento de la delincuencia lo que se contrasto durante el periodo de estudio 2014-2019
The main objective of this research work is to analyze the evolution of socioeconomic variables such as unemployment, poverty, economic inequality and the incidence that they have historically had on crime levels, using the economy of crime as a theoretical basis. In a complementary way, a comparative analysis was carried out with the Latin American region in order to establish existing gaps with Ecuador. In addition, the behavior of organized crime based on cases of corruption, raised in the reference period, is emphasized. An inductive and analytical methodology with a mixed approach has been used, to identify the direct or indirect relationship between the study variables and the central problem. As a result, it was found that for the year 2019, there was an increase in unemployment and poverty that reached a rate of 3.80% and 25.26% respectively. In addition, to a reduction in per capita income that went from $ 6,318.48 in 2018 to $ 6,260.60 in 2019, which is related to an increase of 7.67% in criminal reports. With the crime of robbery being the one with the highest incidence with 40.47% of the total value. Due to the aforementioned, it was also determined that although the State has invested in citizen security, this has not resulted in a decrease in crime, which is why the behavior of the socioeconomic variables is important since they are the ones that affect the increase in crime, which was contrasted during the 2014-2019 study period.
The main objective of this research work is to analyze the evolution of socioeconomic variables such as unemployment, poverty, economic inequality and the incidence that they have historically had on crime levels, using the economy of crime as a theoretical basis. In a complementary way, a comparative analysis was carried out with the Latin American region in order to establish existing gaps with Ecuador. In addition, the behavior of organized crime based on cases of corruption, raised in the reference period, is emphasized. An inductive and analytical methodology with a mixed approach has been used, to identify the direct or indirect relationship between the study variables and the central problem. As a result, it was found that for the year 2019, there was an increase in unemployment and poverty that reached a rate of 3.80% and 25.26% respectively. In addition, to a reduction in per capita income that went from $ 6,318.48 in 2018 to $ 6,260.60 in 2019, which is related to an increase of 7.67% in criminal reports. With the crime of robbery being the one with the highest incidence with 40.47% of the total value. Due to the aforementioned, it was also determined that although the State has invested in citizen security, this has not resulted in a decrease in crime, which is why the behavior of the socioeconomic variables is important since they are the ones that affect the increase in crime, which was contrasted during the 2014-2019 study period.
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Palabras clave
DESEMPLEO, POBREZA, DELINCUENCIA, DESIGUALDAD