Diagnóstico del consumo de antirretrovirales en personas con VIH / sida que se atienden en el Hospital General Francisco de Orellana
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
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Introducción: El VIH/SIDA, según los datos proporcionados por la OMS, representa una problemática a nivel mundial. Ya que, aunque existen ciertos tratamientos médicos disponibles, la falta de adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral (TAR) es un factor clave y limitante para lograr la efectividad del tratamiento y por lo tanto también para mejorar la calidad de vida de la población infectada.
Objetivos: Evaluar el consumo de Antirretrovirales en personas con VIH/SIDA que se atienden en la Clínica Integral VIH del Hospital General Francisco de Orellana,
Metodología: Estudio observacional transversal aplicando la prueba de adherencia SMAQ. La muestra de estudio correspondió a 110 pacientes con predominio de población masculina y el diagnostico positivo para VIH que reciben tratamiento antirretroviral en la Clínica Integral de VIH del Hospital General Francisco de Orellana, durante el año 2020.
Resultados: Se estableció una relación entre los factores como orientación sexual, estado civil, rango de edad, grado de escolaridad y situación laboral, relacionados estrechamente con la falta de adherencia al TARGA. La población estudiada correspondió mayormente al sexo masculino 59.1%, edad entre 18 y 35 años 57%, estado civil soltero 59.1%, con grado de educación secundaria 48.2% y que trabajan para otra persona 40.9%. Según el análisis chi cuadrado no hay diferencias estadísticas entre los valores.
Conclusiones: A partir de los resultados obtenidos, este estudio evidenció que de la población estudiada la mayor parte de pacientes son considerados adherentes al tratamiento. Además, permitió identificar uno de los factores más comunes que pueden relacionarse con la no adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral como son; estadio tardío de la enfermedad, dificultad horaria en el consumo de TARGA, auto- reporte de diversas causas de no consumo, auto reporte de olvido de consumo, auto reporte de Emergencia Sanitara “pandemia” y también brindó información relevante para mantener un control exhaustivo de la infección y permitir a los pacientes disfrutar de una mejor calidad de vida.
Introduction: HIV/AIDS, according to data provided by the WHO, represents a worldwide problem. Although certain medical treatments are available, the lack of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a key factor limiting the effectiveness of the treatment and therefore also improving the quality of life of the infected population. Objectives: To evaluate the consumption of antiretrovirals in people with HIV/AIDS who are treated at the Integral HIV Clinic of the Francisco de Orellana General Hospital. Methodology: Cross-sectional observational study applying the SMAQ adherence test. The study sample corresponded to 110 patients with a predominance of the male population and a positive diagnosis for HIV who received antiretroviral treatment at the Comprehensive HIV Clinic of the Francisco de Orellana General Hospital, during the year 2020. Results: A relationship was established between factors such as sexual orientation, marital status, age range, level of education, and employment status, closely related to lack of adherence to TARGA. The studied population corresponded mainly to the male sex 59.1%, age between 18 and 35 years 57%, single marital status 59.1%, with a secondary education degree 48.2% and who work for another person 40.9%. According to the chi square analysis, there are no statistical differences between the values. Conclusions: From the results obtained, this study showed that of the population studied, most of the patients are considered adherent to the treatment. In addition, it allowed to identify one of the most common factors that can be related to non- adherence to antiretroviral treatment, such as; late stage of the disease, of hourly difficulty in the consumption of TARGA, self-report of various causes of non-use, self- report of forgetting consumption, self-report of the Sanitary Emergency "pandemic" and also provided relevant information for maintain a thorough control of the infection and allow patients to enjoy a better quality of life.
Introduction: HIV/AIDS, according to data provided by the WHO, represents a worldwide problem. Although certain medical treatments are available, the lack of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a key factor limiting the effectiveness of the treatment and therefore also improving the quality of life of the infected population. Objectives: To evaluate the consumption of antiretrovirals in people with HIV/AIDS who are treated at the Integral HIV Clinic of the Francisco de Orellana General Hospital. Methodology: Cross-sectional observational study applying the SMAQ adherence test. The study sample corresponded to 110 patients with a predominance of the male population and a positive diagnosis for HIV who received antiretroviral treatment at the Comprehensive HIV Clinic of the Francisco de Orellana General Hospital, during the year 2020. Results: A relationship was established between factors such as sexual orientation, marital status, age range, level of education, and employment status, closely related to lack of adherence to TARGA. The studied population corresponded mainly to the male sex 59.1%, age between 18 and 35 years 57%, single marital status 59.1%, with a secondary education degree 48.2% and who work for another person 40.9%. According to the chi square analysis, there are no statistical differences between the values. Conclusions: From the results obtained, this study showed that of the population studied, most of the patients are considered adherent to the treatment. In addition, it allowed to identify one of the most common factors that can be related to non- adherence to antiretroviral treatment, such as; late stage of the disease, of hourly difficulty in the consumption of TARGA, self-report of various causes of non-use, self- report of forgetting consumption, self-report of the Sanitary Emergency "pandemic" and also provided relevant information for maintain a thorough control of the infection and allow patients to enjoy a better quality of life.
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ADHERENCIA, TERAPIA ANTIRRETROVIRAL, INFECCIÓN POR VIH, VIH/SIDA