Las teorias cognitivas en el cambio de los procesos educativos
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Fecha
2021
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UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL; Facultad de Filosofía, Letras Y Ciencias De La Educación
Resumen
La humanidad, está viviendo una gran crisis sanitaria, el cual es producto del COVID-19 y que
ha generado una pandemia, por ende, un confinamiento donde el salir de casa no es una opción, por el
contrario, la consigna es quedarse en casa para evitar la propagación y contagio del virus. Por lo que es
necesario abordar la educación desde el enfoque interactivo, es decir, adaptar la enseñanza y
aprendizaje a la nueva realidad global y adaptase a los cambios que se ha originado en el contexto
educativo. Entre esos cambios se evidencian como desfavorables cambiar de clases presenciales a
virtuales; cambios en el ritmo de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, especialmente en el desarrollo de las
habilidades lingüísticas, deserción escolar y como favorable el mejoramiento y actualización de las
competencias tecnológicas de los docentes. Por ello, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo.
Diseñar una guía basada en las teorías cognitivas para contribuir en el desarrollo de la habilidad
lingüística de los estudiantes de séptimo de educación básica de la Unidad Educativa Batalla de Tarqui
del Distrito 5 zona 8 periodo lectivo 2021 – 2022. La investigación se desarrolló en el enfoque mixto
empleando como modalidad la Bibliográfica y de Campo, el tipo se basó en el descriptivo y
explicativa. Se aplicó una encuesta a los catorce docentes, una entrevista a un directivo y la
observación a los veintiocho estudiantes de séptimo de educación básica. Este proceso indagatorio
llevó a concluir que, en la Unidad Educativa Batalla de Tarqui del Distrito 5 zona 8, los estudiantes
presentan dificultades en el desarrollo de la habilidad lingüística, por cuanto los docentes mantienen
una enseñanza dentro de la teoría conductista, de ahí surgió la necesidad de elaborar una guía basada
en las teorías cognitivas para el desarrollo de la habilidad lingüística en tiempos de pandemia. Por lo
que se recomendó a la institución desarrollar cursos dirigidos a los docentes acerca de las teorías
cognitivas, así como evaluar los cambios que se ha producido en el proceso educativo en tiempo de
pandemia, además de aplicar la propuesta de la investigación
The global health crisis, caused by COVID-19, and which forces people to confine themselves, has left organizations, such as educational ones, in a complex situation because they must close their doors and carry out their activities from virtual environments. Therefore, it is necessary for them to face this global crisis, from an interactive approach, that is, to adapt teaching and learning to the new global reality and adapt to the changes that have originated in the educational context. Among these changes, changing from face-to-face to virtual classes is evidenced as unfavorable; changes in the pace of student learning, especially in the development of linguistic skills, school dropout and as favorable the improvement and updating of the technological skills of teachers. Therefore, the present investigation aims to. Design a guide based on cognitive theories to contribute to the development of the linguistic ability of students in the seventh grade of basic education of the Batalla de Tarqui Educational Unit of District 5 zone 8 school period 2021 - 2022. The research was developed in the approach Mixed using the Bibliographic and Field modality, the type was based on the descriptive and explanatory. A survey was applied to the fourteen teachers, an interview to a manager and the observation of the twenty-eight students of the seventh grade of basic education. This investigative process led to the conclusion that, in the Batalla de Tarqui Educational Unit of District 5, zone 8, students present difficulties in the development of linguistic ability, since the teachers maintain a teaching within the behaviorist theory, hence the need to elaborate developed a guide based on cognitive theories for the development of linguistic ability in times of pandemic. Therefore, the institution was recommended to develop courses aimed at teachers about cognitive theories, as well as to evaluate the changes that have occurred in the educational process in times of pandemic, in addition to applying the research proposal.
The global health crisis, caused by COVID-19, and which forces people to confine themselves, has left organizations, such as educational ones, in a complex situation because they must close their doors and carry out their activities from virtual environments. Therefore, it is necessary for them to face this global crisis, from an interactive approach, that is, to adapt teaching and learning to the new global reality and adapt to the changes that have originated in the educational context. Among these changes, changing from face-to-face to virtual classes is evidenced as unfavorable; changes in the pace of student learning, especially in the development of linguistic skills, school dropout and as favorable the improvement and updating of the technological skills of teachers. Therefore, the present investigation aims to. Design a guide based on cognitive theories to contribute to the development of the linguistic ability of students in the seventh grade of basic education of the Batalla de Tarqui Educational Unit of District 5 zone 8 school period 2021 - 2022. The research was developed in the approach Mixed using the Bibliographic and Field modality, the type was based on the descriptive and explanatory. A survey was applied to the fourteen teachers, an interview to a manager and the observation of the twenty-eight students of the seventh grade of basic education. This investigative process led to the conclusion that, in the Batalla de Tarqui Educational Unit of District 5, zone 8, students present difficulties in the development of linguistic ability, since the teachers maintain a teaching within the behaviorist theory, hence the need to elaborate developed a guide based on cognitive theories for the development of linguistic ability in times of pandemic. Therefore, the institution was recommended to develop courses aimed at teachers about cognitive theories, as well as to evaluate the changes that have occurred in the educational process in times of pandemic, in addition to applying the research proposal.
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HABILIDADES LINGUISTICAS, TEORIAS COGNITIVAS, PANDEMIA