Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de candidiasis y vaginosis bacteriana en mujeres atendidas en el centro de salus urbano área de salud N°2 de Shushufindi 2013. Propuesta de medidas preventivas.
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2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología. Escuela de Postgrado "Dr. José Apolo Pineda".
Resumen
La vaginosis es más frecuente durante el periodo fértil y aunque su etiología es polimicrobiana se ha visto que uno de los agentes infecciosos más importante es Gardnerella vaginalis; identificada en la década de 1950, después de varios estudios la encontraron en un 98% de las mujeres con vaginosis y hasta un 50% en mujeres aparentemente sanas. Gardnerella vaginalis fue clasificada como una sola especie y fue establecida como agente causal de la vaginosis (antes conocida como vaginitis inespecífica). El cuadro clínico que presenta es caracterizado por una secreción blanca o blanco-grisácea que se percibe generalmente después de la relación sexual con olor fétido aminado (pescado). (1) La candidiasis vulvovaginal (CVV) afecta la mucosa vaginal y la vulva, es causada por diferentes especies del género Candida. Las pacientes se quejan principalmente de escozor y de dolor. El flujo suele ser inodoro y de color blanco amarillento. Los síntomas se intensifican en ambientes húmedos. Las manifestaciones clínicas comprenden enrojecimiento y tumefacción inflamatorias de la vulva y la vagina.
A menudo se ven signos de rascado como fisuras y erosiones. Pueden desarrollarse placas blancas de consistencia cremosa en la pared vaginal y en el cérvix.
La principal especie involucrada en la candidiasis es Candida albicans; sin embargo, se ha reportado un aumento en la incidencia de Candida glabrata. (2) En investigaciones realizadas en Lima, manifiestan que la prevalencia de las infecciones vaginalis es de un 42.2%, siendo la vaginosis bacteriana (VB) la que prevalece en un 23.24%, la prevalencia de Candidiasis vaginal (CV) 16.2% y la prevalencia de Tricomoniasis vaginal (TV) 7.8% (3). El MSP en sus estadísticas en el año 2007 se reportaron 15277 casos de trastornos no inflamatorios de órganos sexuales a
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nivel nacional, siendo un número significativo de enfermedades marcándose en los cuadros de morbilidad. (4) El Objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de candidiasis y vaginosis bacteriana y sus factores de riesgo en mujeres atendidas en el de área de gineco-obstetricia del centro de salud urbano, Área de Salud N°2 de Shushufindi año 2013. Para el cual se empleó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo transversal con análisis de corte, con diseño no experimental, realizado en una muestra de 96 pacientes a las que se les realizó el Fresco y Gram y cultivo bacteriológico de exudado vaginal. Se obtuvo como resultados que la Prevalencia de Vaginosis Bacteriana fue de un 46%, seguida por la Candidiasis Vaginal 29% y las infecciones Vaginales Mixtas un 25%, se utilizó como instrumento de la investigación encuesta para determinar factores de riesgo, encontrando los siguientes resultados: el grupo etario más afectado fue 20 – 29 años con un 37%, las amas de casa en un 45%, quienes no realizan una planificación familiar en un 53%, los métodos hormonales en un 34%, el inicio de una vida sexual activa entre 15 - 19 años en un 51%, la mujer que ha tenido más de tres parejas sexuales en su vida sexual activa en un 40%, quien se realiza 3 veces al día un aseo vaginal en un 48%, quienes utilizaban champú vaginal en su aseo vaginal de manera exagerada fueron afectadas en un 28%, la ropa interior de nailon en un 26%, el uso de protectores diariamente fueron afectadas en un 30%, y las personas que no utilizaban ningún material de aseo después de una micción fueron afectadas en un 56%.Se sugiere una propuesta de medidas preventivas sobre las infecciones vaginales
Palabras claves: PREVALENCIA, VAGINOSIS BACTERIANA, CANDIDIASIS, FACTORES DE RIESGOS
Vaginosis is more common during the fertile period and although its etiology is polymicrobial has been one of the most important infectious agents Gardnerella vaginalis, identified in the 1950s by leopod, Gardner and Dukes, who after several studies found in 98% of women with BV and up to 50% in apparently healthy women. Gardnerella vaginalis was classified as a single species and was established as a causative agent of BV (formerly known as nonspecific vaginitis). The clinical picture is characterized by a white or grayish-white generally perceived after sex foul smelling amine (fish). Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects the vaginal mucosa and vulva, is caused by different Candida species. Patients mainly complain of itching and pain. The flow is usually odorless, yellowish white. The symptoms are intensified in wet environments. Clinical manifestations include inflammatory redness and swelling of the vulva and vagina. They are often signs of scratching as fissures and erosions. Can develop creamy white plates in the vaginal wall and into the cervix. The primary species involved in the yeast is Candida albicans, but has reported an increased incidence of Candida glabrata. Research in Lima. They show that the prevalence of vaginalis infection is 42.2%, with bacterial laVaginosis (VB) prevalent in 23.24%, the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis (CV) 16.2% and the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) 7.8%. The MSP in its statistics in 2007 reported 15277 cases of non-inflammatory disorders of sexual organs at the national level, with a significant number of diseases being marked in the tables of morbidity. Objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis and its risk factors in women seen in the area of obstetrics urban health center iv Health Area Shushufindi No. 2 of 2013. To which a prospective descriptive study used cross-sectional analysis, non-experimental design, involving a sample of 96 patients who underwent the Fresco and bacterial Gram stain and culture of vaginal. Such analysis indicated that the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 46%, followed by 29% and Vaginal Thrush Vaginal Mixed infections by 25%, was used as the survey instrument to determine risk factors and found the following results, the most affected age group was 20-29with 37%, the housewife by 45%, not realizing who family planning by 53%, hormonal methods by 34%, the start of an active sex life between 15-19 years 51% the woman who has had more than three sexual partners sexually active by 40%, who performed 3 times daily vaginal toilet by 48%, who used his toilet champo vaginal smear in an exaggerated manner were affected by 28% nylon underwear by 26%, the use of panty liners every day were affected by 30%, and the person did not use anything after urination were affected by 56 Suggesting a proposal of preventive measures on vaginal infections Keywords: PREVALENCE, VAGINOSIS BACTERIAL, CANDIDIASIS, RISK FACTORS
Vaginosis is more common during the fertile period and although its etiology is polymicrobial has been one of the most important infectious agents Gardnerella vaginalis, identified in the 1950s by leopod, Gardner and Dukes, who after several studies found in 98% of women with BV and up to 50% in apparently healthy women. Gardnerella vaginalis was classified as a single species and was established as a causative agent of BV (formerly known as nonspecific vaginitis). The clinical picture is characterized by a white or grayish-white generally perceived after sex foul smelling amine (fish). Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects the vaginal mucosa and vulva, is caused by different Candida species. Patients mainly complain of itching and pain. The flow is usually odorless, yellowish white. The symptoms are intensified in wet environments. Clinical manifestations include inflammatory redness and swelling of the vulva and vagina. They are often signs of scratching as fissures and erosions. Can develop creamy white plates in the vaginal wall and into the cervix. The primary species involved in the yeast is Candida albicans, but has reported an increased incidence of Candida glabrata. Research in Lima. They show that the prevalence of vaginalis infection is 42.2%, with bacterial laVaginosis (VB) prevalent in 23.24%, the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis (CV) 16.2% and the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) 7.8%. The MSP in its statistics in 2007 reported 15277 cases of non-inflammatory disorders of sexual organs at the national level, with a significant number of diseases being marked in the tables of morbidity. Objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis and its risk factors in women seen in the area of obstetrics urban health center iv Health Area Shushufindi No. 2 of 2013. To which a prospective descriptive study used cross-sectional analysis, non-experimental design, involving a sample of 96 patients who underwent the Fresco and bacterial Gram stain and culture of vaginal. Such analysis indicated that the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 46%, followed by 29% and Vaginal Thrush Vaginal Mixed infections by 25%, was used as the survey instrument to determine risk factors and found the following results, the most affected age group was 20-29with 37%, the housewife by 45%, not realizing who family planning by 53%, hormonal methods by 34%, the start of an active sex life between 15-19 years 51% the woman who has had more than three sexual partners sexually active by 40%, who performed 3 times daily vaginal toilet by 48%, who used his toilet champo vaginal smear in an exaggerated manner were affected by 28% nylon underwear by 26%, the use of panty liners every day were affected by 30%, and the person did not use anything after urination were affected by 56 Suggesting a proposal of preventive measures on vaginal infections Keywords: PREVALENCE, VAGINOSIS BACTERIAL, CANDIDIASIS, RISK FACTORS
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CANDIDIASIS BUCAL, PATOLOGIA ORAL, PREVALENCIA