Seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra hepatitis A en pacientes atendidos en las unidades de salud de la red pública de Guayaquil, período 2009 - 2011
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2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología. Escuela de Postgrado "Dr. José Apolo Pineda".
Resumen
La hepatitis A es una enfermedad hepática causada por el virus del mismo nombre, se transmite principalmente cuando una persona no infectada come o bebe algo contaminado por heces de una persona infectada por ese virus. La enfermedad está estrechamente asociada a la falta de agua salubre, un saneamiento deficiente y una mala higiene personal. El objetivo fue determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra Hepatitis A en pacientes atendidos en las Unidades de Salud de la red pública de Guayaquil, periodo 2009 – 2011. La metodología utilizada fue de un diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo. Se realizó con muestras obtenidas de las Unidades de Salud Públicas del cantón Guayaquil, que se procesaron en el laboratorio de virus del INHMT en Guayaquil. Se tomaron 3732 muestras, y se obtuvo una seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra hepatitis A del 29,5% durante el período 2009 – 2011, siendo en el año 2009 del 17,7%, año 2010 el 34,4% y en el año 2011 el 35,4%; registrándose un incremento significativo en los 2 últimos años con respecto al año 2009. De los pacientes positivos a hepatitis A, el más frecuente fue en el sexo masculino. En los grupos etarios se muestra un incremento en la población de menores de 10 años, mientras que en los otros grupos etarios disminuye su prevalencia; y que eran referidos en su mayoría de las Unidades hospitalarias. En cuanto a las semanas epidemiológicas se obtuvo que desde la semana 7 hasta la semana 20 fueron las de mayor frecuencia y en cada uno de los años de estudio se observó un pico entre las semanas 12 – 13, con una tendencia al incremento. Tomando en cuenta estos resultados se propone fortalecer los programas preventivos contra la hepatitis A en el ámbito comunitario, mejoramiento de las buenas prácticas de higiene personal, y la promoción de la limpieza y desinfección del entorno de las viviendas. Palabras clave:
HEPATITIS, SEROLOGÍA, PREVALENCIA, ANTICUERPOS, RIESGO.
Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus is spread primarily when an uninfected person eats or drinks something contaminated by feces of a person infected with the virus. The disease is closely associated with the lack of clean water, poor sanitation and poor personal hygiene. Its aim was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A in patients treated at the Health Units of the public Guayaquil. Period from 2009 to 2011. The methodology used was a non-experimental and descriptive. Was performed on samples obtained from the Public Health Units Guayaquil cantón, which were processed in the laboratory INHMT virus in Guayaquil. In results, 3732 samples were taken, yielding a seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A from 29.5% during the period 2009 to 2011, where in 2009 17.7% 2010 34.4% and in the year 2011 to 35.4%, registering an increase in the last two with respect to 2009. Positive patients to hepatitis A, the most frequent in males. Furthermore, by age groups shows an increase in the population under 10 years, while in the other age groups the prevalence decreases, and they were referred to the hospital units mostly. According to epidemiological weeks was obtained from week 7 to week 20 were the most frequent and in each of the years of study showed a peak between weeks 12 to 13, with an increasing trend. Recommending strengthen prevention programs against hepatitis A in the community level, improving personal hygiene practices, and promoting environmental cleaning and disinfection of houses. Keywords: HEPATITIS, SEROLOGY, PREVALENCE, ANTIBODIES, RISK
Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus is spread primarily when an uninfected person eats or drinks something contaminated by feces of a person infected with the virus. The disease is closely associated with the lack of clean water, poor sanitation and poor personal hygiene. Its aim was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A in patients treated at the Health Units of the public Guayaquil. Period from 2009 to 2011. The methodology used was a non-experimental and descriptive. Was performed on samples obtained from the Public Health Units Guayaquil cantón, which were processed in the laboratory INHMT virus in Guayaquil. In results, 3732 samples were taken, yielding a seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A from 29.5% during the period 2009 to 2011, where in 2009 17.7% 2010 34.4% and in the year 2011 to 35.4%, registering an increase in the last two with respect to 2009. Positive patients to hepatitis A, the most frequent in males. Furthermore, by age groups shows an increase in the population under 10 years, while in the other age groups the prevalence decreases, and they were referred to the hospital units mostly. According to epidemiological weeks was obtained from week 7 to week 20 were the most frequent and in each of the years of study showed a peak between weeks 12 to 13, with an increasing trend. Recommending strengthen prevention programs against hepatitis A in the community level, improving personal hygiene practices, and promoting environmental cleaning and disinfection of houses. Keywords: HEPATITIS, SEROLOGY, PREVALENCE, ANTIBODIES, RISK
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HEPATITIS, PREVALENCIA, EPIDEMIOLOGIA