Caracterización mofológica insitu del árbol y organosensorial del fruto de varias accesiones de zapote (Matisia cordata) en tres zonas del Guayas
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2016
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El zapote (Matisia cordata) es uno de los frutos exóticos del Ecuador, su producción y comercialización se ha dirigido hacia el consumo en fresco y al igual que muchos de los frutales nativos ha sido desplazado a lo largo de los últimos años por frutales comerciales ya establecidos en los diversos mercados nacionales e internacionales. Por lo que en el presente trabajo se expuso el siguiente objetivo general: Determinar las características morfológicas de la planta y organosensorial del fruto, de la población natural de Matisia cordata en la zona central del Guayas. Concluyendo que En cuanto a las características del árbol de zapote se pudo determinar que las mejores se pueden apreciar en las accesiones visitadas en este estudio se encuentran en el Cantón El Triunfo donde se observa que la edad promedio de la plantación es de 12 años, el diámetro de la compa es de 4,58 metros, presenta una altura promedio de 13,9 metros, diámetro del tronco es de 117,9 y una coloración gris oscuro. Los datos relacionados a las hojas se observaron con características similares en los cantones de El Triunfo, Naranjito y Yaguachi donde se evidencio una lámina foliar ovalada, base de la lámina acorazonada, forma del ápice acorazonado, color de las hojas maduras verde oscuro, color de las hojas jóvenes verde claro, y la ondulación de la lámina ondulada.Teniendo en consideración la longitud de la lámina foliar el Cantón Naranjito reflejó el mayor valor con 39,45 cm, con 22,46 cm de ancho, longitud de peciolo de 17,35 mm y grosor del peciolo de 0,65 mm, venas primarias en el haz de 15,65. En relación a las flores se pudo apreciar que las mejores características las presentó el cantón Yaguachi con longitud del pétalo con 26,1 mm, anchura del pétalo con 0,29 mm, longitud del pedúnculo con 0,26 mm. Los datos de los frutos reflejaron diferencia en el Cantón El Triunfo en cuanto a color del exocarpo con coloración verde amarronado, textura de la pulpa crema acuosa, color de la pulpa anaranjado, contenido de fibra alto, sabor de la pulpa medio. En cuanto al peso de la pulpa el valor más alto lo reflejo el cantón El Triunfo, el contenido de sólido soluble reflejó el menor valor con 5,81, y en cuanto a la acidez titulable obtuvo el valor más alto.
Sapodilla (Matisia cordata) is one of the exotic fruits of Ecuador, production and marketing has led to fresh consumption and like many of the native fruit has been displaced over recent years by commercial fruit and established in the various national and international markets. So in this paper the following general objective was exposed: To determine the morphological characteristics of the plant and fruit organosensorial, the natural population of Matisia cordata in the central region of Guayas. Concluding that As for the characteristics of sapote tree was determined that the best can be seen in the accessions visited in this study are in Canton El Triunfo which shows that the average age of the plantation is 12 years, compa diameter is 4.58 meters, has an average height of 13.9 meters, trunk diameter is 117.9 and dark gray color. Data related to the leaves were observed with similar characteristics in the cantons of El Triunfo, Naranjito and Yaguachi where an oval leaf blade, base heart-shaped sheet form acorazonado apex, color of dark green mature leaves, color was evident light green young leaves, and the undulation of the sheet ondulada.Teniendo into consideration the length of the leaf blade Naranjito Canton reflected the highest value with 39.45 cm, 22.46 cm wide, petiole length 17, 35 mm and thickness of 0.65 mm petiole, primary veins in the beam 15,65. Regarding the flowers it could be seen that the best features of the canton Yaguachi presented with petal length of 26.1 mm, width 0.29 mm petal, peduncle length of 0.26 mm. Data fruits difference reflected in Canton Triumph in color exocarp with brownish green coloration, cream texture aqueous pulp, pulp orange color, high fiber content, taste pulp medium. As for the weight of the pulp the highest value reflects the Canton El Triunfo, soluble solid content reflected the lower value 5.81, and as for the titratable acidity obtained the highest value.
Sapodilla (Matisia cordata) is one of the exotic fruits of Ecuador, production and marketing has led to fresh consumption and like many of the native fruit has been displaced over recent years by commercial fruit and established in the various national and international markets. So in this paper the following general objective was exposed: To determine the morphological characteristics of the plant and fruit organosensorial, the natural population of Matisia cordata in the central region of Guayas. Concluding that As for the characteristics of sapote tree was determined that the best can be seen in the accessions visited in this study are in Canton El Triunfo which shows that the average age of the plantation is 12 years, compa diameter is 4.58 meters, has an average height of 13.9 meters, trunk diameter is 117.9 and dark gray color. Data related to the leaves were observed with similar characteristics in the cantons of El Triunfo, Naranjito and Yaguachi where an oval leaf blade, base heart-shaped sheet form acorazonado apex, color of dark green mature leaves, color was evident light green young leaves, and the undulation of the sheet ondulada.Teniendo into consideration the length of the leaf blade Naranjito Canton reflected the highest value with 39.45 cm, 22.46 cm wide, petiole length 17, 35 mm and thickness of 0.65 mm petiole, primary veins in the beam 15,65. Regarding the flowers it could be seen that the best features of the canton Yaguachi presented with petal length of 26.1 mm, width 0.29 mm petal, peduncle length of 0.26 mm. Data fruits difference reflected in Canton Triumph in color exocarp with brownish green coloration, cream texture aqueous pulp, pulp orange color, high fiber content, taste pulp medium. As for the weight of the pulp the highest value reflects the Canton El Triunfo, soluble solid content reflected the lower value 5.81, and as for the titratable acidity obtained the highest value.
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ZAPOTE, ORGANOSENSORIAL, IN SITU