Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de amenaza de parto prematuro en pacientes del Hospital "Rodríguez Zambrano de Manta” 2011. Propuesta de medidas preventivas.
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2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología.
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En el Hospital ―Rafael Rodríguez Zambrano‖ de Manta, se identificó como problema elevada prevalencia de pacientes con amenaza de parto prematuro, siendo oportuno el diseño de un Plan de Medidas Preventivas. El objetivo general: Determinar la prevalencia y factores de riesgo de pacientes con partos prematuros atendidas en el Hospital ―Rodríguez Zambrano‖, como Objetivos Específicos: Determinar la prevalencia de pacientes con amenaza de parto prematuro y Establecer los factores de riesgo y la filiación que influyen en el parto prematuro. El universo estuvo conformado por 3.187 pacientes atendidas en Gíneco-Obstetricia en el periodo y la muestra fue de 322 pacientes, calculada estadísticamente con un nivel de confianza del 95 % y un 5 % de error y según criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La investigación abarcó el período 2009-2011. Se emplearon herramientas de análisis-solución, estadísticas, revisión documental, mediante formulario de autollenado para el manejo de la información; los resultados se tabularon estadísticamente y como resultado final se obtuvo que la prevalencia ascendió a 33.76%, la edad comprendida entre los rangos de 36 a 40 años es la que con mayor frecuencia se presentó, pertenecientes a la población urbana del cantón Manta, el grado de instrucción secundaria fue del 44.10%, el 43.48% eran amas de casa, la edad gestacional comprendida entre 30-32 semanas con el 25.47% fue la predominante, el 91.61% no tuvo malos hábitos, el factor de riesgo que incide más en la amenaza de parto prematuro fue el escaso control médico de las pacientes, con el 23,29%, unido a ello las actitudes laborales con el 22.36% y el estado socioeconómico de las pacientes que se registró con el 20.19%, el 64.29% fue atendida por casos espontáneos con membranas íntegras, el 27.02% fue por infecciones urinarias, el tratamiento que recibieron fue descanso y medicación. La investigación fue descriptiva, retrospectiva y no experimental. Existió buena predisposición de las autoridades y del personal de salud del Hospital para desarrollar la investigación; se entregó el Plan de Medidas Preventivas.
PALABRAS CLAVE: PARTO PREMATURO, PREVALENCIA, FACTORES DE RIESGO, CAUSAS, PREVENCIÓN.
In the Hospital ―Rafael Rodríguez Zambrano‖ of Manta, it was identified as problem elevated prevalencia of patient with threat of premature childbirth, being opportune the design of a Plan of Preventive measures, for that which one had as general objective to Determine the prevalencia and factors of risk of patient with premature childbirths assisted in the Hospital ―Rodríguez Zambrano‖, as Specific Objectives to Determine the prevalencia of patient with threat of premature childbirth and the factors of risk and the filiation that influence in the premature childbirth to Settle down. The universe was conformed by 3.187 patients assisted in Gíneco-obstetrics and the sample was of 322 patients, it was calculated with a confidence level of 95% and 5 error%, through inclusion and exclusion criteria. The investigation embraced the period 2009-2011. Analysis-solution tools, statistical, documental revision were used, by means of autollenado form for the handling of the information; the results were tabulated statistically and as a result final it was obtained that the prevalencia ascended to 33.76%, the understood age among the ranges of 36 to 40 years is the one that was presented with more frequency, belonging to the urban population of the canton Blanket, the grade of secondary instruction it was of 44.10%, 43.48% was housewives, the age understood gestacional among 30-32 weeks with 25.47% was the predominant one, 91.61% he/she didn't have bad habits, the factor of risk that impacts more in the threat of premature childbirth was the scarce medical control of the patients, with 23,29%, together to it the labor attitudes with 22.36% and the socioeconomic state of the patients that he/she registered with 20.19%, 64.29% was assisted by spontaneous cases with entire membranes, 27.02% was for urinary infections, the treatment that you/they received was rest and medication. The investigation was descriptive, retrospective and not experimental. Good bias of the authorities existed and of the personnel of health of the Hospital to carry out this investigative work; The Preventive Action Pal was give over. PASSWORD: PREMATURE CHILDBIRTH, PREVALENCIA, FACTORS OF RISK, CAUSES, PREVENTION
In the Hospital ―Rafael Rodríguez Zambrano‖ of Manta, it was identified as problem elevated prevalencia of patient with threat of premature childbirth, being opportune the design of a Plan of Preventive measures, for that which one had as general objective to Determine the prevalencia and factors of risk of patient with premature childbirths assisted in the Hospital ―Rodríguez Zambrano‖, as Specific Objectives to Determine the prevalencia of patient with threat of premature childbirth and the factors of risk and the filiation that influence in the premature childbirth to Settle down. The universe was conformed by 3.187 patients assisted in Gíneco-obstetrics and the sample was of 322 patients, it was calculated with a confidence level of 95% and 5 error%, through inclusion and exclusion criteria. The investigation embraced the period 2009-2011. Analysis-solution tools, statistical, documental revision were used, by means of autollenado form for the handling of the information; the results were tabulated statistically and as a result final it was obtained that the prevalencia ascended to 33.76%, the understood age among the ranges of 36 to 40 years is the one that was presented with more frequency, belonging to the urban population of the canton Blanket, the grade of secondary instruction it was of 44.10%, 43.48% was housewives, the age understood gestacional among 30-32 weeks with 25.47% was the predominant one, 91.61% he/she didn't have bad habits, the factor of risk that impacts more in the threat of premature childbirth was the scarce medical control of the patients, with 23,29%, together to it the labor attitudes with 22.36% and the socioeconomic state of the patients that he/she registered with 20.19%, 64.29% was assisted by spontaneous cases with entire membranes, 27.02% was for urinary infections, the treatment that you/they received was rest and medication. The investigation was descriptive, retrospective and not experimental. Good bias of the authorities existed and of the personnel of health of the Hospital to carry out this investigative work; The Preventive Action Pal was give over. PASSWORD: PREMATURE CHILDBIRTH, PREVALENCIA, FACTORS OF RISK, CAUSES, PREVENTION
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PARTO PREMATURO, FACTORES DE RIESGO, MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD