Prevalencia de diabetes mellitus y sus principales factores de riesgo en pacientes asistidos en el Hospital “Dr. Federico Bolaños Moreira” de Milagro. 2010 - 2012
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2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología.
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Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y retrospectiva, con diseño no experimental; del 1 de enero de 2010 al 30 de junio de 2012, con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia y los principales factores de riesgo en los pacientes diabéticos asistidos en el Hospital “Dr. Federico Bolaños Moreira” de Milagro. El total de los mismos fue 1116 (1,42%), correspondiendo 435 al 2010 (39,98%),, 477 al 2011 (42,74%) y 204 al 2012 (18,28%). De ellos correspondieron al sexo masculino 463 (41,49%), y al femenino 653 (58,51%). Por edades, la prevalencia fue mayoritaria en el grupo de 65 y más años en todos los años (234 – 254 – 96). La malnutrición por exceso presento altos indicadores en la muestra en estudio (53,10% - 46,33% - 50,49% por años). Los síntomas clínicos más significativos lo fueron la poliuria con un 79,84% (887 pacientes), la polifagia con 75,54% (843) y la polidipsia con 45,88% (512). El tipo clínico de diabetes mellitus fue de 122 casos tipo 1 (10,93%), 881 tipo 2 (78,94%) y 113 (10,12%) de tipo gestacional. En el análisis de los factores de riesgo se encontraron 885 pacientes sedentarios (79,30%) – 826 con hipercolesterolemia (74,01%) – 786 con hipertrigliceridemia (70,43%) – igual cifra para los antecedentes patológicos familiares de diabetes – 555 con malnutrición por exceso (49,73%) - el consumo de alcohol en 280 pacientes (25,09%). Las complicaciones evidenciadas con mayores registros, lo fueron la hipertensión arterial presente en 429 pacientes (38,44%); y la neuropatía periférica manifiesta en 379 casos (33,96%). En el período solamente se realizaron 10 amputaciones menores (0,90%) y 2 mayores por pie diabético (0,18%). Tomando en consideración los resultados obtenidos, se confecciono una propuesta de intervención.
PALABRAS CLAVE: diabetes mellitus, prevalencia, síntomas clínicos, factores de riesgo, complicaciones.
We performed a descriptive and retrospective, non-experimental design, the January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2012, with the objective of determining the prevalence and major risk factors in diabetic patients treated at the Hospital "Dr. Moreira Federico Bolaños”. The total of these was 1116 (1.42%), corresponding to 2010 435 (39.98%), 477 to 2011 (42.74%) and 204 to 2012 (18.28%). Of these 463 were males (41.49%) and 653 female (58.51%). By age, the prevalence was a majority in the 65 and over in all years (234 - 254 - 96). Overweight was high indicators presented in the study sample (53.10% - 46.33% - 50.49% per year). Clinical symptoms were more significant as polyuria with 79.84% (887 patients), with 75.54% polyphagia (843) and polydipsia with 45.88% (512). The clinical type of diabetes mellitus was 122 cases of type 1 (10.93%), 881 type 2 (78.94%) and 113 (10.12%) of gestational type. In the analysis of the risk factors were sedentary 885 patients (79.30%) - 826 hypercholesterolemic (74.01%) - 786 with hypertriglyceridemia (70.43%) - the same figure for pathological family history of diabetes - overweight was 555 (49.73%) - alcohol in 280 patients (25.09%). Complications recorded in more records, hypertension were present in 429 patients (38.44%) and peripheral neuropathy seen in 379 cases (33.96%). In the period only 10 minor amputations were performed (0.90%) and 2 older diabetic foot (0.18%). Considering the results, we drew up a proposal for intervention. KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, prevalence, clinical symptoms, risk factors, complications.
We performed a descriptive and retrospective, non-experimental design, the January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2012, with the objective of determining the prevalence and major risk factors in diabetic patients treated at the Hospital "Dr. Moreira Federico Bolaños”. The total of these was 1116 (1.42%), corresponding to 2010 435 (39.98%), 477 to 2011 (42.74%) and 204 to 2012 (18.28%). Of these 463 were males (41.49%) and 653 female (58.51%). By age, the prevalence was a majority in the 65 and over in all years (234 - 254 - 96). Overweight was high indicators presented in the study sample (53.10% - 46.33% - 50.49% per year). Clinical symptoms were more significant as polyuria with 79.84% (887 patients), with 75.54% polyphagia (843) and polydipsia with 45.88% (512). The clinical type of diabetes mellitus was 122 cases of type 1 (10.93%), 881 type 2 (78.94%) and 113 (10.12%) of gestational type. In the analysis of the risk factors were sedentary 885 patients (79.30%) - 826 hypercholesterolemic (74.01%) - 786 with hypertriglyceridemia (70.43%) - the same figure for pathological family history of diabetes - overweight was 555 (49.73%) - alcohol in 280 patients (25.09%). Complications recorded in more records, hypertension were present in 429 patients (38.44%) and peripheral neuropathy seen in 379 cases (33.96%). In the period only 10 minor amputations were performed (0.90%) and 2 older diabetic foot (0.18%). Considering the results, we drew up a proposal for intervention. KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, prevalence, clinical symptoms, risk factors, complications.
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DIABETES MELLITUS, FACTORES DE RIESGO, PREVALENCIA