Efectos de la aplicación de extractos botánicos en el control del gusano cogollero spodoptera frugiperda smith en el cultivo del maiz zea mays L.
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2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en el recinto Buenos Aires, Cantón Rocafuerte, Provincia de Manabí. Las coordenadas de ubicación geográfica son 0º 55’ 6’’ latitud Sur y 80º 29’ 10’’ longitud Oeste a la altura de 15 msnm, el cual tuvo como objetivo general evaluar efectos de los diferentes extractos botánicos para el control de gusano cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda Smit), en el cultivo del maíz (Zea mays L.) y para ello se utilizó como material genético, el híbrido de maíz Trueno, presentando como tratamientos estudiados extracto de Neem (150 y 200 mL/L/agua), extracto de higuerilla (5ml y 8 mL/L agua), extracto de piñón (150 y 200 mL/L agua), Proclaim (TQ) (0,5 y 1g/L agua) y un testigo absoluto (agua) y para ello se utilizó un diseño estadístico de Bloques completamente al Azar (DBCA), con 9 tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones, registrando un total de 36 unidades experimentales.
Se determinó que el mayor daño de cogollero por planta las aplicaciones con extracto de piñón en dosis de 150 y 200 mL/L agua. Sin embargo el mayor control de gusano cogollero a los 28 días con Proclaim (TQ) en dosis de 0,5 y 1 g/L agua con el 84% y 87,75% de efectividad y a los 48 días, el mismo agroquímico con el 90,25% y 94%. Entre tanto la altura de planta, el tratamiento con extracto de piñón en dosis de 150 mL/L de agua consiguió la mayor altura de planta con 2,57 m y en la inserción de mazorca con aplicaciones de extracto de piñón en dosis de 150 mL/L agua con 0,81 m. Mientras que en la longitud y diámetro de mazorca la aplicación de piñón en dosis de 150 mL/L agua el mayor valor con 18,40 cm y 8,12 cm en su orden respectivamente. Las aplicaciones con Proclaim (TQ) en dosis de 0,5 g/L de agua reportó el mayor peso de mazorca con 0,52 kg, el cual se vio reflejado en la mayor producción con 13.828 kg por hectárea, presentando la mayor precocidad con 53 días a la floración, una excelente cobertura de mazorca y hubo 0% de granos infectados en relación al testigo absoluto que presentó el 10% de granos infectados.
Para el cálculo de presupuesto parcial la aplicación con Proclaim en dosis de 0,5 g/L agua reportó un beneficio neto de USD 3.911,60 con un costo variable USD 47,50 que registró una Tasa de Retorno Marginal equivalente a 525%.
The present investigation work was carried out in the enclosure Buenos Aires, Canton Rocafuerte, County of Manabí. The coordinates of geographical location are 0º 55' 6 '' South latitude and 80º 29' 10 '' longitude West to the height of 15 msnm, which had as general objective to evaluate effects of the different botanical extracts for the control of worm cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda Smit), in the cultivation of the corn (Zea mays L.) and for it was used it as genetic material, the hybrid of corn Thunder, presenting as treatments studied extract of Neem (150 and 200 mL/L/agua), higuerilla extract (5ml and 8 mL/L dilute), pinenut extract (150 and 200 mL/L dilute), Proclaim (TQ) (0,5 and 1g/L water) and an absolute witness (it dilutes) and for it was used it totally at random a statistical design of Blocks (DBCA), with 9 treatments and four repetitions, registering a total of 36 experimental units. It was determined that the biggest cogollero damage for plant the applications with pinenut extract in dose of 150 and 200 mL/L dilute. However the biggest control of worm cogollero to the 28 days with Proclaim (TQ) in dose of 0,5 and 1 g/L it dilutes with 84% and 87,75% of effectiveness and to the 48 days, the same agroquímico with 90,25% and 94%. Among so much the plant height, the treatment with pinenut extract in dose of 150 mL/L of water got the biggest plant height with 2,57 m and in the ear insert with applications of pinenut extract in dose of 150 mL/L dilutes with 0,81 m. while in the longitude and ear diameter the pinenut application in dose of 150 mL/L dilutes the biggest value with 18,40 cm and 8,12 cm in its order respectively. The applications with Proclaim (TQ) in dose of 0,5 g/L of water it reported the biggest ear weight with 0,52 kg, which was reflected in the biggest production with 13.828 kg for hectare, presenting the biggest precocity with 53 days to the floración, an excellent ear covering and there was 0% of grains infected in relation to the absolute witness that presented 10% of infected grains. For the calculation of budget the application with Proclaim in dose of 0,5 g/L dilutes partially it reported a net profit of USD 3.911,60 with a variable Cost USD 47,50 that it registered a Rate of equivalent Marginal Return to 525%.
The present investigation work was carried out in the enclosure Buenos Aires, Canton Rocafuerte, County of Manabí. The coordinates of geographical location are 0º 55' 6 '' South latitude and 80º 29' 10 '' longitude West to the height of 15 msnm, which had as general objective to evaluate effects of the different botanical extracts for the control of worm cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda Smit), in the cultivation of the corn (Zea mays L.) and for it was used it as genetic material, the hybrid of corn Thunder, presenting as treatments studied extract of Neem (150 and 200 mL/L/agua), higuerilla extract (5ml and 8 mL/L dilute), pinenut extract (150 and 200 mL/L dilute), Proclaim (TQ) (0,5 and 1g/L water) and an absolute witness (it dilutes) and for it was used it totally at random a statistical design of Blocks (DBCA), with 9 treatments and four repetitions, registering a total of 36 experimental units. It was determined that the biggest cogollero damage for plant the applications with pinenut extract in dose of 150 and 200 mL/L dilute. However the biggest control of worm cogollero to the 28 days with Proclaim (TQ) in dose of 0,5 and 1 g/L it dilutes with 84% and 87,75% of effectiveness and to the 48 days, the same agroquímico with 90,25% and 94%. Among so much the plant height, the treatment with pinenut extract in dose of 150 mL/L of water got the biggest plant height with 2,57 m and in the ear insert with applications of pinenut extract in dose of 150 mL/L dilutes with 0,81 m. while in the longitude and ear diameter the pinenut application in dose of 150 mL/L dilutes the biggest value with 18,40 cm and 8,12 cm in its order respectively. The applications with Proclaim (TQ) in dose of 0,5 g/L of water it reported the biggest ear weight with 0,52 kg, which was reflected in the biggest production with 13.828 kg for hectare, presenting the biggest precocity with 53 days to the floración, an excellent ear covering and there was 0% of grains infected in relation to the absolute witness that presented 10% of infected grains. For the calculation of budget the application with Proclaim in dose of 0,5 g/L dilutes partially it reported a net profit of USD 3.911,60 with a variable Cost USD 47,50 that it registered a Rate of equivalent Marginal Return to 525%.
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MAIZ, GUSANO COGOLLERO, CULTIVO DE MAIZ, HIBRIDO DE MAIZ