Prevalencia de fisura labio palatina y factores de riesgo, Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante, 2014
Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La fisura labiopalatina es una de las malformaciones congénitas más frecuentes y es producida durante el desarrollo embrionario por una alteración en la fusión de tejidos que darán origen al labio superior y al paladar. Según su clasificación embriológica puede presentarse como: Fisura labial y palatina, fisura palatina y fisura labial. Su etiología es multifactorial, de tipo ambiental y genético.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer la prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a Fisura Labiopalatina en el Hospital del niño “Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante” en el periodo de Enero a Diciembre del 2014. Este trabajo de investigación fue de tipo descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo.
De un total de 19382 pacientes atendidos durante el 2014, el 1% (124 pacientes) tuvo diagnóstico de fisura labiopalatina y 103 de ellos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión.
La edad promedio de consulta fue de 1 a 2 años, el 27% de la muestra total, el 89% tuvieron fisura labial y palatina, de ellos el 43% eran bilaterales. El 57% fueron hombres, y según el grupo étnico el 83% fueron mestizos (p= 0.087).
El 50%(51) de los pacientes presentan comorbilidades y el 18% presenta malformaciones asociadas. El lugar de residencia en Guayas es del 77% y en zona urbana del 73%.
El 75% de las madres se habrían embarazado antes de los 30 años, 57% con escolaridad primaria, 66% multíparas y el 89% no consumieron medicamentos durante el embarazo. En el 68% de los niños no se encontraron antecedentes familiares de fisura
labiopalatina.
El aporte científico es la inclusión del grupo étnico como factor de riesgo en la
presentación de la fisura labiopalatina, donde se halló al grupo mestizo como predictor
del desarrollo de esta malformación.
The cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital malformations and is produced during embryonic development by an alteration in the fusion of tissues that give rise to the upper lip and palate. According to the embryological classification it can be presented as: cleft lip and palate, cleft palate and cleft lip. The etiology is multifactorial, environmental and genetic type. The objective of this research was to establish the prevalence and risk factors associated with cleft lip and palate child in the Hospital "Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante” on the period from January to December 2014. This research was descriptive, observational, and retrospective. It was found that a total of 19382 patients cared during 2014, 3% (124 patients) are diagnosed with cleft lip and palate and 103 of them fulfill the inclusion criteria. The average age of medical consulting was from 1 to 2 years old, which represents the 27% of the total sample, the presentation form according to the embryological classification was 89% for cleft lip and palate, which the 43% are bilateral. The 57% were men, and by the ethnic group 83% were mixed race (p = 0.087). The 50% (51) of the patients presented comorbidities, the 18% presents associated malformations. The place of residence in Guayas is the 77% and in urban areas the 73%. The 75% of mothers would have been pregnant before they were 30 years old, 57% with primary education, 66% multiple parities, and the 89% said they haven´t consumed drugs during pregnancy. At the 68% of children, no family history of cleft lip and palate were found. The scientific contribution is the inclusion of the ethnic group as an important factor on the presentation of the cleft lip and palate.
The cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital malformations and is produced during embryonic development by an alteration in the fusion of tissues that give rise to the upper lip and palate. According to the embryological classification it can be presented as: cleft lip and palate, cleft palate and cleft lip. The etiology is multifactorial, environmental and genetic type. The objective of this research was to establish the prevalence and risk factors associated with cleft lip and palate child in the Hospital "Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante” on the period from January to December 2014. This research was descriptive, observational, and retrospective. It was found that a total of 19382 patients cared during 2014, 3% (124 patients) are diagnosed with cleft lip and palate and 103 of them fulfill the inclusion criteria. The average age of medical consulting was from 1 to 2 years old, which represents the 27% of the total sample, the presentation form according to the embryological classification was 89% for cleft lip and palate, which the 43% are bilateral. The 57% were men, and by the ethnic group 83% were mixed race (p = 0.087). The 50% (51) of the patients presented comorbidities, the 18% presents associated malformations. The place of residence in Guayas is the 77% and in urban areas the 73%. The 75% of mothers would have been pregnant before they were 30 years old, 57% with primary education, 66% multiple parities, and the 89% said they haven´t consumed drugs during pregnancy. At the 68% of children, no family history of cleft lip and palate were found. The scientific contribution is the inclusion of the ethnic group as an important factor on the presentation of the cleft lip and palate.
Descripción
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Epidemiología descriptiva, Fisura labiopalatina, Anomalías congénitas, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador