Nivel de dependencia funcional del adulto mayor con trastorno mental utilizando la Escala de Barthel en usuarios de las residencias asistidas del Instituto Neurociencias año 2015
Fecha
2015
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil.Facultad de Ciencias Médicas.Escuela de Medicina.
Resumen
Los ancianos constituyen un subgrupo de la población tradicionalmente discriminado en la sociedad. A medida que sobrepasan los 65 años de edad, aumenta la probabilidad que en los próximos años aparezca una limitación en la funcionalidad. Considerando el concepto de funcionalidad como la capacidad para realizar las actividades de la vida diaria, éstas se dividen en tres: actividades básicas de la vida diaria , actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria y actividades avanzadas de la vida diaria. El objetivo de las escala de valoración funcional Índice de Barthel es determinar la capacidad de una persona para realizar las actividades básicas de la vida diaria de forma independiente. OBJETIVO Identificar el grado de dependencia funcional de los pacientes adultos mayores con trastorno mental de las residencias asistidas del Instituto de Neurociencias Año 2015. METODOLOGÍA se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, se incluye 107 pacientes de 65 años y mas que pertenecen a las residencias asistidas del Instituto de Neurociencias, estudiando las variables: sexo, edad, diagnóstico, patología clínica asociada, discapacidad asociada, actividades básicas de la vida diaria. Para el análisis se utilizó el programa Microsoft Excel. DISCUSIÓN el 65% de los usuarios poseen algún tipo de dependencia; clasificándolos en Leve 27%, Moderada 11%, Grave 8% y Total 19 %. La dependencia predomina en el sexo femenino con el 73%, mientras que en el masculino hay 60% de dependencia. La dependencia aumenta proporcionalmente con la edad así tenemos de 65 – 69 años (51% de la población posee algún tipo de dependencia) y de 85 años y mas (89%). El 27% tiene discapacidad física y el 73 % discapacidad visual, predominando en esta la dependencia grave. Las actividades básicas de la vida diaria por orden de dependencia, son vestirse con 51% de dependencia, seguido de baño (50%), uso del retrete (50%), subir y bajar escaleras (46%), micción (46%), defecación (46%), aseo (45%), deambulación (37%), alimentación (36%) y por ultimo transferencia (35%). CONCLUSIÓN El trastorno mental crónico si es un factor influyente en la dependencia funcional del adulto mayor, al igual que la presencia de discapacidad asociada. No se encontró relación directa de dependencia por patología clínica asociada, La actividad básica de la vida diaria de mayor dependencia es vestirse.
The elders constitute a subgroup of the population traditionally discriminated in the company. As they exceed 65 years of age, it increases progressively the probability that in the next years appears a limitation in the functionality. Considering the concept of functionality to be the aptitude to realize the activities of the daily life, these divide in three: basic activities of the daily life (ABVD), instrumental activities of the daily life (AIVD) and advanced activities of the daily life (AAVD). The aim of the scales of functional valuation Katz's Index and Barthel's Index is to determine the capacity of a person to realize the basic activities of the daily life of independent form. OBJECTIVE To identify the degree of functional dependence in the elderly patients with mental disorder of the nursing homes of the Institute of Neurosciences Year 2015. METHODOLOGY a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, including 107 patients 65 years and more that belong to the nursing homes of the Neurosciences Institute, studying the following variables: gender, age, diagnosis, clinical pathology associated, disability associated with basic activities of daily life. The analysis used the Microsoft Excel program. DISCUSSION The 65% of users have some sort of dependence; classifying them in Dep. Mild 27 %, Dep Moderate 11 %, Dep Grave 8% and Dep Total 19 %. The dependence prevailed in the female sex with the 73 %, while in the male there is 60% of unit. The unit increases proportionally with the age so we have 65 - 69 years (51% of the population has some form of dependence) and 85 years and over (89 % ). 27 % has physical disability and 73 % visual disability, predominating in this one over the serious dependence. The basic activities of the daily life on order of dependence, are to dress in 51 % of dependence, followed by bath (50 %), I use of the lavatory (50 %), to rise and to lower stairs (46 %), micturition (46 %), defecation (46 %), adorn (45 %), deambulación (37 %), supply (36 %) and finally transfer (35 %). CONCLUSION The mental chronic disorder if it is an influential factor in the functional dependence of the major adult, as the presence of associate disability. One did not find direct relation of dependence for clinical associate pathology, The basic activity of the daily life of major dependence is to dress.
The elders constitute a subgroup of the population traditionally discriminated in the company. As they exceed 65 years of age, it increases progressively the probability that in the next years appears a limitation in the functionality. Considering the concept of functionality to be the aptitude to realize the activities of the daily life, these divide in three: basic activities of the daily life (ABVD), instrumental activities of the daily life (AIVD) and advanced activities of the daily life (AAVD). The aim of the scales of functional valuation Katz's Index and Barthel's Index is to determine the capacity of a person to realize the basic activities of the daily life of independent form. OBJECTIVE To identify the degree of functional dependence in the elderly patients with mental disorder of the nursing homes of the Institute of Neurosciences Year 2015. METHODOLOGY a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, including 107 patients 65 years and more that belong to the nursing homes of the Neurosciences Institute, studying the following variables: gender, age, diagnosis, clinical pathology associated, disability associated with basic activities of daily life. The analysis used the Microsoft Excel program. DISCUSSION The 65% of users have some sort of dependence; classifying them in Dep. Mild 27 %, Dep Moderate 11 %, Dep Grave 8% and Dep Total 19 %. The dependence prevailed in the female sex with the 73 %, while in the male there is 60% of unit. The unit increases proportionally with the age so we have 65 - 69 years (51% of the population has some form of dependence) and 85 years and over (89 % ). 27 % has physical disability and 73 % visual disability, predominating in this one over the serious dependence. The basic activities of the daily life on order of dependence, are to dress in 51 % of dependence, followed by bath (50 %), I use of the lavatory (50 %), to rise and to lower stairs (46 %), micturition (46 %), defecation (46 %), adorn (45 %), deambulación (37 %), supply (36 %) and finally transfer (35 %). CONCLUSION The mental chronic disorder if it is an influential factor in the functional dependence of the major adult, as the presence of associate disability. One did not find direct relation of dependence for clinical associate pathology, The basic activity of the daily life of major dependence is to dress.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Anciano, Escala de Barthel, Epidemiología descriptiva, Trastornos mentales, Instituto de Neurociencias, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador