Caracterización de la calidad del agua para consumo doméstico del Río Quevedo en el Canton Quevedo, Provincia de Los Ríos.
Fecha
2015
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Resumen
El Cantón Quevedo, es una ciudad pequeña pero que ha sabido sobresalir
económicamente en la Provincia de Los Ríos, porque la población ha
aumentado en los últimos años gracias a la oferta laboral para los quevedeños
y foráneos; como consecuencia del incremento en la población el servicio de
agua potable es deficiente por esto, ante la necesidad de abastecerse de agua
y realizar actividades domésticas se usa el agua del río; la que está
contaminada por todas las descargas de aguas residuales de la ciudad.
El muestreo realizado a zonas estratégicas en las que se observó menor y
mayor cantidad de casas fueron los lugares escogidos para los análisis y
posteriormente obtener datos del nivel de contaminación del río. Las muestras
de agua fueron recogidas en pomas esterilizadas y transportadas al
Laboratorio Lazo, a una temperatura de 4°C aproximadamente. El muestreo se
llevó a cabo en un tramo del Río Quevedo con 5 puntos de muestreo: Puente
Sur, Condominio El Mirario, Plaza de Mariscos, La Playita de Jaime y
Biblioteca Virtual, en estos 5 puntos se tomó los siguientes parámetros:
Coliformes totales y fecales, pH, Turbidez, Temperatura, Oxígeno disuelto,
DQO y DBO además de metales pesados: Plomo y Cadmio, estos parámetros
se tomaron para conocer la calidad del Río Quevedo.
En los cinco puntos de muestreo se encontró por debajo de los LMP la
temperatura, con un rango de temperatura de 18,8 °C a 21,2°C. El pH se
encuentra dentro del rango permisible de 6 a 9 unidades de pH. La turbidez
está por debajo de los LMP, de 10,5 NTU a 6 NTU. En el caso de la DQO, DBO
xiv
y OD están por encima de los LMP dados por el anexo 1 de TULSMA (2015);
La DQO posee un rango de 33,2 a 5,2 mg/L en las 5 estaciones, la DBO tiene
un rango de 16mg/L a 3,1 mg/L y el OD tiene un rango de 6,79 mg/L a 6,0mg/L.
Los coliformes totales están por encima de los LMP según el anexo 1 del
TULSMA 2015, tiene un rango de 192,500 NMP/ 100ml a 920 NMP/100ml.Los
coliformes fecales presentan valores superiores a los permitidos en todas las
estaciones de muestreo que tienen un rango de 126,000 NMP/100ml a 280
NMP/100ml mientras que el LMP de coliformes fecales es de 1000 NMP/100ml
según el anexo 1 del TULSMA y según la OMS es de 200 NMP/100ml.Los
metales pesados: Plomo y Cadmio se hallaron por debajo de los límites de
detección, < 0,010 mg/L para el Cadmio y < 0,050 mg/L para el Plomo.
El Río Quevedo posee un alto grado de contaminación por coliformes totales y
fecales, mientras que no son percibidos los metales pesados: Plomo y Cadmio.
The Quevedo Canton, is a small town which has managed to excel economically in the province because the population has increased in recent years thanks to the labor supply for quevedeños and foreign; due to the increase in population the drinking water is poor for this, given the need to stock up on water and doing household activities river water is used; which it is contaminated with all discharges of waste water from the city. The sampling at strategic areas observed minor and major number of households were the places chosen for further analysis and obtain data on the level of pollution of the river. Water samples were collected in sterile bottles and transported to the laboratory Lazo, at a temperature approximately 4 ° C. Sampling was carried out on a stretch of the Quevedo River 5-point sampling: “Puente Sur”,”Condominio El Mirario”, Plaza de Mariscos, La Playita Jaime and Biblioteca Virtual, in these 5 points took the following parameters: total coliforms and fecal pH, turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, COD and BOD addition to heavy metals lead and cadmium, these parameters were taken to determine the quality of the Quevedo River. In the five sampling points, is found below the LMP temperature, with a temperature range of 18.8 ° C to 21.2 ° C. The pH is within the allowable range of 6 to 9 pH units. The turbidity is below the LMP, 6 to 10.5 NTU. In the case of COD, BOD and DO are above the PML given by Annex 1 TULSMA (2015); The COD has a range of 33.2 to 5.2 mg / L in 5 seasons, the BOD has a range of 16 mg / L to 3.1 mg / L and the OD it has a range of 6.79 mg / L to 6,0mg / L. Total xvi coliforms are above the LMP as Annex 1 TULSMA 2015, it has a range of 192,500 MPN / 100ml to 920 NMP / 100ml.Fecal coliforms were found above the permissible values in all sampling stations which have a range 126,000 MPN / 100ml to 280 MPN / 100ml while the PML fecal coliform is 1000 MPN / 100ml as Annex 1 and according to WHO TULSMA is 200 MPN / 100ml. Heavy metals, lead and cadmium were found by below the limits of detection, <0.010 mg / L for cadmium and <0.050 mg / L for lead. The Quevedo River has a high degree of contamination by total and fecal coliforms and there is not perceived heavy metals such as lead and cadmium.
The Quevedo Canton, is a small town which has managed to excel economically in the province because the population has increased in recent years thanks to the labor supply for quevedeños and foreign; due to the increase in population the drinking water is poor for this, given the need to stock up on water and doing household activities river water is used; which it is contaminated with all discharges of waste water from the city. The sampling at strategic areas observed minor and major number of households were the places chosen for further analysis and obtain data on the level of pollution of the river. Water samples were collected in sterile bottles and transported to the laboratory Lazo, at a temperature approximately 4 ° C. Sampling was carried out on a stretch of the Quevedo River 5-point sampling: “Puente Sur”,”Condominio El Mirario”, Plaza de Mariscos, La Playita Jaime and Biblioteca Virtual, in these 5 points took the following parameters: total coliforms and fecal pH, turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, COD and BOD addition to heavy metals lead and cadmium, these parameters were taken to determine the quality of the Quevedo River. In the five sampling points, is found below the LMP temperature, with a temperature range of 18.8 ° C to 21.2 ° C. The pH is within the allowable range of 6 to 9 pH units. The turbidity is below the LMP, 6 to 10.5 NTU. In the case of COD, BOD and DO are above the PML given by Annex 1 TULSMA (2015); The COD has a range of 33.2 to 5.2 mg / L in 5 seasons, the BOD has a range of 16 mg / L to 3.1 mg / L and the OD it has a range of 6.79 mg / L to 6,0mg / L. Total xvi coliforms are above the LMP as Annex 1 TULSMA 2015, it has a range of 192,500 MPN / 100ml to 920 NMP / 100ml.Fecal coliforms were found above the permissible values in all sampling stations which have a range 126,000 MPN / 100ml to 280 MPN / 100ml while the PML fecal coliform is 1000 MPN / 100ml as Annex 1 and according to WHO TULSMA is 200 MPN / 100ml. Heavy metals, lead and cadmium were found by below the limits of detection, <0.010 mg / L for cadmium and <0.050 mg / L for lead. The Quevedo River has a high degree of contamination by total and fecal coliforms and there is not perceived heavy metals such as lead and cadmium.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CALIDAD, COLIFORMES FECALES, RÍO, LÍMITES MÁXIMOS PERMISIBLES