Factores de riesgo de las complicaciones del parto pretérmino en adolescentes, estudio a realizarse en el Hospital Universitario, en el período 2014-2015
Fecha
2016
Autores
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La relación que existe entre la adolescencia y el embarazo en el Ecuador presenta cifras alarmantes, si bien el embarazo es un proceso fisiológico, que se presente durante la adolescencia constituye un problema de salud pública de gran impacto para la sociedad.
Antecedentes: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo, y descriptivo en el servicio de ginecología del hospital universitario de Guayaquil, con datos del año 2014-2015 fueron obtenidos del departamento de estadística, conformado por pacientes de 10-19 años.
Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de factores de riesgo de las complicaciones del parto pretérmino en adolescentes estudio a realizarse en el hospital universitario de Guayaquil periodo 2014-2015.
Materiales y Métodos: Se revisó las historias clínicas del servicio de ginecología del hospital universitario de Guayaquil que registraron parto pretérmino en adolescentes en el año 2014-2015. La muestra fue tomada de estas historias clínicas y se excluyeron aquellas que no presentaron factores de riesgo de las complicaciones del parto pretérmino en adolescentes.
Resultados:
Este estudio estuvo conformado por un total de 116 pacientes adolescentes embarazadas entre 10 a 19 años, El grupo de edad de Parto Pretérmino en adolescentes en este estudio es más frecuente es de 17 a 19 años de edad con un 71% de los casos. El 48% de las pacientes presentaban de 4-6 controles prenatales durante su Embarazo. El 57 % de las adolescentes embarazadas prevenían de zona urbana popular. La Preeclampsia y la ruptura prematura de membrana fueron las patologías obstétricas más comunes con un 47% y 39% de los casos. El 48% de las pacientes cursaban entre las semanas 33-34 en el momento del parto pretérmino. La Infección de vías Urinarias (IVU) con un 66% fue la patología más frecuente presentadas
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por estas pacientes. El 63% de las pacientes fueron sometidas a cesárea segmentaria. El 49% fueron pacientes afroecuatorianas, el 37%de las pacientes presentaron desgarro perineal como complicación más frecuente, el 68% presento mayor a dos días de estancia hospitalaria el 94% de los recién nacidos fueron adecuados para la edad gestacional con un peso de 2501-3500 gramos.
The relationship between adolescence and pregnancy in Ecuador presents alarming figures, although pregnancy is a physiological process, which is present during adolescence is a public health problem of great impact for society. Background: quantitative, retrospective, descriptive study was conducted in the service of gynecology at University Hospital in Guayaquil, with data for the year 2014-2015 were obtained from the statistics department, consisting of patients 10-19 years. Objective: To determine the frequency of risk factors for preterm birth complications in adolescents study conducted at the University Hospital of Guayaquil 2014-2015. Materials and Methods: The medical records of Gynecology University Hospital of Guayaquil that preterm delivery in adolescents recorded in the year 2014-2015 was reviewed. The sample was taken from these clinical histories and those who did not have risk factors for preterm birth complications in adolescents were excluded. Results: This study consisted of a total of 116 pregnant adolescent patients between 10 to 19 years, the age group Preterm adolescents in this study is most often 17 to 19 years old with 71% of cases. 48% of the patients had 4-6 prenatal checkups during pregnancy. 57% of pregnant adolescents prevented from popular urban area. Preeclampsia and premature membrane rupture were the most common obstetric pathologies with 47% and 39% of cases. 48% of patients were enrolled between 33-34 weeks at the time of preterm delivery. The urinary tract infection (UTI) with 66% was the most frequent pathologies presented by these patients. 63% of patients underwent segmental cesarean section. 49% were Afro-Ecuadorian patients, 37% of patients had perineal XI laceration as the most frequent complication, 68% showed more than two days in hospital 94% of newborns were appropriate for gestational age with a weight of 2501 -3500 grams.
The relationship between adolescence and pregnancy in Ecuador presents alarming figures, although pregnancy is a physiological process, which is present during adolescence is a public health problem of great impact for society. Background: quantitative, retrospective, descriptive study was conducted in the service of gynecology at University Hospital in Guayaquil, with data for the year 2014-2015 were obtained from the statistics department, consisting of patients 10-19 years. Objective: To determine the frequency of risk factors for preterm birth complications in adolescents study conducted at the University Hospital of Guayaquil 2014-2015. Materials and Methods: The medical records of Gynecology University Hospital of Guayaquil that preterm delivery in adolescents recorded in the year 2014-2015 was reviewed. The sample was taken from these clinical histories and those who did not have risk factors for preterm birth complications in adolescents were excluded. Results: This study consisted of a total of 116 pregnant adolescent patients between 10 to 19 years, the age group Preterm adolescents in this study is most often 17 to 19 years old with 71% of cases. 48% of the patients had 4-6 prenatal checkups during pregnancy. 57% of pregnant adolescents prevented from popular urban area. Preeclampsia and premature membrane rupture were the most common obstetric pathologies with 47% and 39% of cases. 48% of patients were enrolled between 33-34 weeks at the time of preterm delivery. The urinary tract infection (UTI) with 66% was the most frequent pathologies presented by these patients. 63% of patients underwent segmental cesarean section. 49% were Afro-Ecuadorian patients, 37% of patients had perineal XI laceration as the most frequent complication, 68% showed more than two days in hospital 94% of newborns were appropriate for gestational age with a weight of 2501 -3500 grams.
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Palabras clave
Trabajo de parto prematuro, Factores de riesgo, Complicaciones del embarazo, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Embarazo en adolescencia