Patologías asociadas al cultivo intensivo de camarón blanco Litopenaeus Vannamei en sistemas cerrados de recirculación (RAS)
Archivos
Fecha
2017
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El estudio se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Acuacultura de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de Guayaquil, teniendo como objetivo determinar las patologías asociadas al cultivo intensivo de camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei en sistemas cerrados de recirculación. La misma que consistió en 3 fases, donde se analizaron 170 muestras de camarón, 144 muestras de agua de los tanques (raceways), 36 muestras de agua del biofiltro y 36 muestras del sedimento de los estanques, durante los 90 días que duró el estudio.
Se analizó muestras en fresco de camarón donde se evaluó las características externas observándose melanización y necrosis mayormente en las antenas y Pereiópodos durante las tres fases de cultivo. También se evaluó características internas presentándose en la segunda fase de cultivo, deformidad GRADO 2 de los túbulos del hepatopáncreas y baja cantidad de lípidos (3/4), indicándonos la presencia de Necrosis del hepatopáncreas séptica (NHP-S). Además, las branquias presentaron necrosis mayormente en la tercera fase de cultivo.
Se realizó análisis de bacterias tanto para camarón, agua, biofiltro y sedimento, presentándose durante la segunda fase de cultivo concentraciones altas de 105UFC/g de Vibrio alginolyticus en el camarón, afirmando la presencia de NHP-S que fue causado por esta bacteria, siendo esta patología la de mayor afectación durante el cultivo presentándose mortalidades leves menos de un 10%.
Para controlar las patologías surgidas durante la segunda fase de cultivo se aplicó 5ppm de ácido orgánico (de nombre comercial Viracid Plus) al alimento durante 7 días y se empleó hidróxido de calcio al agua para flocular agentes patógenos.
The study was conducted in the laboratory of aquaculture of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the University of Guayaquil, aiming to determine the pathologies associated with the intensive culture of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in closed recirculation systems. The same one which consisted of 3 phases, where 170 samples of shrimp, 144 sample of water tanks (raceways), 36 water samples from the biofilter and 36 samples of sediment ponds, were analyzed during the 90 days of hard study. Analyzed samples fresh shrimp where evaluated the external characteristics observed melanización and necrosis mostly in antennas and b. during the three phases of cultivation. We also evaluated internal characteristics presented in the second phase of cultivation, deformity grade 2 of the tubules of the hepatopancreas and low quantity of lipids (3/4), indicating the presence of Necrosis of the Hepatopancreas Septic (NHP-S). In addition, gills presented mostly necrosis in the third stage of cultivation. Analysis of bacteria both for shrimp, water, biofilter and sediment, arising during the second phase of growing concentrations of 105UFC/g of Vibrio alginolyticus in shrimp, affirming the presence of NHP-S which was caused by this bacterium, being this pathology of most affected during the culture arising mild deaths less than 10%. 5 ppm of organic acid (from Viracid Plus brand name) was appliced to control the pathologies that emerged during the second phase of cultivation to food for 7 days and was used to water calcium hydroxide to flocculate pathogens.
The study was conducted in the laboratory of aquaculture of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the University of Guayaquil, aiming to determine the pathologies associated with the intensive culture of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in closed recirculation systems. The same one which consisted of 3 phases, where 170 samples of shrimp, 144 sample of water tanks (raceways), 36 water samples from the biofilter and 36 samples of sediment ponds, were analyzed during the 90 days of hard study. Analyzed samples fresh shrimp where evaluated the external characteristics observed melanización and necrosis mostly in antennas and b. during the three phases of cultivation. We also evaluated internal characteristics presented in the second phase of cultivation, deformity grade 2 of the tubules of the hepatopancreas and low quantity of lipids (3/4), indicating the presence of Necrosis of the Hepatopancreas Septic (NHP-S). In addition, gills presented mostly necrosis in the third stage of cultivation. Analysis of bacteria both for shrimp, water, biofilter and sediment, arising during the second phase of growing concentrations of 105UFC/g of Vibrio alginolyticus in shrimp, affirming the presence of NHP-S which was caused by this bacterium, being this pathology of most affected during the culture arising mild deaths less than 10%. 5 ppm of organic acid (from Viracid Plus brand name) was appliced to control the pathologies that emerged during the second phase of cultivation to food for 7 days and was used to water calcium hydroxide to flocculate pathogens.
Descripción
PDF
Palabras clave
NECROSIS, MELANOSIS, CULTIVO INTENSIVO, NECROSIS DEL HEPATOPÁNCREAS SÉPTICA, VIBRIO ALGINOLYTICUS