Cáncer cervicouterino asociado a infección por virus del papiloma humano, factores de riesgo estudio a realizar en el Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor en el período de enero del 2013 a diciembre del 2015
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El Cáncer Cervicouterino (CaCu) representa un serio problema de salud pública, principalmente en países en vías de desarrollo. Numerosos estudios epidemiológicos y moleculares establecen la infección persistente con el Virus del Papiloma Humano (HPV, Human PapillomaVirus) como causa necesaria para el desarrollo del CaCu. Casi todos (99,8%) los casos de cáncer de cuello uterino se deben a tipos específicos de un virus DNA tumoral transmitido por vía sexual, que se denomina virus del papiloma humano (VPH). La infección por VPH puede ser causa de otros carcinomas ano genitales incluyendo de pene, vagina, vulva y ano.
En nuestro país el cáncer uterino es uno de los cánceres más frecuentes en la población femenina. Según datos del Registro Nacional de Tumores de la Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer (Solca) señalan que alrededor de 20 de cada 100.000 mujeres padecen de esta enfermedad. En el país el cáncer Cervicouterino es la segunda causa de mortalidad en mujeres, superada solo por el cáncer de estómago. Sin embargo los últimos estudios señalan que dentro del periodo del 2000 – 2010 la mortalidad por este tipo de cáncer disminuyó en un 21%. El presente trabajo de investigación es de tipo descriptivo, de carácter retrospectivo y de diseño no experimental, utilizando como herramienta de estudio la revisión y evaluación de historias clínicas para poder determinar los factores de riesgo del Cáncer Cervicouterino y su asociación con la infección por el Virus del Papiloma Humano en el Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor. Los resultados de esta investigación nos permitieron determinar factores de riesgo implicados en la patogénesis del Cáncer Cervicouterino tales como el uso de métodos anticonceptivos orales en un 84%, las múltiples parejas sexuales con el 64%, el hábito de fumar con un 78%, y la unión libre con el 45% marcan la incidencia para la aparición de Cáncer Cervicouterino y su Asociación con la infección por el Virus del Papiloma Humano en las mujeres que fueron objetos del estudio de investigación.
The Cervical Cancer (CC) is a serious public health problem, mainly in developing countries. Numerous epidemiological and molecular studies establish persistent infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV, Human Papillomavirus) as necessary cause for the development of cervical cancer. Almost all (99.8%) cases of cervical cancer are caused by specific types of a DNA tumor virus transmitted sexually, is called human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV infection can cause other anogenital carcinomas including penis, vagina, vulva and anus. In our country uterine cancer it is one of the most common cancers in the female population. According to the National Tumor Registry Control Society Against Cancer (Solca) indicate that about 20 of every 100,000 women suffer from this disease. In the country Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women, exceeded only by stomach cancer. However recent studies indicate that in the period 2000 - 2010 mortality from this cancer decreased by 21%. This research is descriptive, retrospective and non-experimental design, using as a tool to study the review and evaluation of clinical records to determine risk factors Cervical Cancer and its association with infection Virus Human Papilloma Virus in Obstetric-Gynecologic Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor. The results of this study allowed us to determine risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer such as the use of oral contraceptives by 84%, multiple sexual partners with 64%, smoking 78%, and the free union with the 45% mark for the appearance incidence of Cervical Cancer and its Association with infection Human Papillomavirus in women who were objects of the research study.
The Cervical Cancer (CC) is a serious public health problem, mainly in developing countries. Numerous epidemiological and molecular studies establish persistent infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV, Human Papillomavirus) as necessary cause for the development of cervical cancer. Almost all (99.8%) cases of cervical cancer are caused by specific types of a DNA tumor virus transmitted sexually, is called human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV infection can cause other anogenital carcinomas including penis, vagina, vulva and anus. In our country uterine cancer it is one of the most common cancers in the female population. According to the National Tumor Registry Control Society Against Cancer (Solca) indicate that about 20 of every 100,000 women suffer from this disease. In the country Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women, exceeded only by stomach cancer. However recent studies indicate that in the period 2000 - 2010 mortality from this cancer decreased by 21%. This research is descriptive, retrospective and non-experimental design, using as a tool to study the review and evaluation of clinical records to determine risk factors Cervical Cancer and its association with infection Virus Human Papilloma Virus in Obstetric-Gynecologic Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor. The results of this study allowed us to determine risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer such as the use of oral contraceptives by 84%, multiple sexual partners with 64%, smoking 78%, and the free union with the 45% mark for the appearance incidence of Cervical Cancer and its Association with infection Human Papillomavirus in women who were objects of the research study.
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Neoplasias del cuello uterino, Virus del papiloma humano, Factores de riesgo, Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador