Caracterización morfológica de los pelos de guardia de mamíferos terrestres (Clase: Mammalia) del occidente del Ecuador como una alternativa en la identificación taxonómica
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2018
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
Las clasificaciones taxonómicas de los mamíferos se han basado en características morfológicas, morfométricas y anatómicas, pero una de las estructuras menos revisadas han sido los pelos de guardia, éstos pueden ser sometidos a un gran número de procesos (digestivos, taxidermistas o de putrefacción) sin perder sus características morfológicas, lo que permite compararlos con otros pelos de pieles o bien de animales vivos. En este estudio se describen las características morfológicas de las especies de meso y macro mamiferos terrestres de la costa ecuatoriana, elaborando un catálogo y una clave dicotómica en base a los pelos de guardia colectados de museos y el centro de rescate Papi Beto. La metodología se basó en caracterizar microscópicamente de la médula, usando ácido láctico para la decoloración de los pelos, para la cutícula se usó una plancha de madera para la impresión de las “escamas” a manera de huella); también se realizó una caracterización macroscópica a partir de patrones de coloración. Se estudió el pelo de 26 especies de meso y macro mamíferos, con un total de 164 muestras colectadas. El catálogo puede ser usado como base para futuros proyectos, como el estudio de dietas de carnívoros, o variaciones intraespecíficas a nivel de subespecie. Es recomendable aumentar el tamaño de muestra por especie, dado que es la principal limitante en estos estudios.
The taxonomic classifications of mammals has been based on morphological, morphometric and anatomical characteristics, but one of the least reviewed structures has been the guard hairs, these can be subjected to a large number of processes (digestive, taxidermist or putrefaction) without losing its morphological characteristics, which allows comparing them with other fur hairs or live animals’ hair. This study describes the morphological characteristics of the meso and macro mammals of the Ecuadorian coast, elaborating a catalogue and a dichotomous code based on the guard hairs collected from museums and the rescue center ¨Papi Beto¨, located on the coastline in front of return number 11, three minutes from Cerecita, province of Guayas. The methodology was based on characterizing the marrow microscopically, using lactic acid for the discoloration of the hairs, for the cuticle a wooden plate was used to print the "flakes" as a trace); a macroscopic characterization was also carried out from coloring patterns. The hair of 26 species of meso and macro mammals were study, with 164 samples collected. The catalogue can be used as a basis for future projects, such as the study of diets of carnivores and raptors. It is advisable to increase the sample size, given that it is the main limiting factor in these studies, to rule out possible intraspecific differences.
The taxonomic classifications of mammals has been based on morphological, morphometric and anatomical characteristics, but one of the least reviewed structures has been the guard hairs, these can be subjected to a large number of processes (digestive, taxidermist or putrefaction) without losing its morphological characteristics, which allows comparing them with other fur hairs or live animals’ hair. This study describes the morphological characteristics of the meso and macro mammals of the Ecuadorian coast, elaborating a catalogue and a dichotomous code based on the guard hairs collected from museums and the rescue center ¨Papi Beto¨, located on the coastline in front of return number 11, three minutes from Cerecita, province of Guayas. The methodology was based on characterizing the marrow microscopically, using lactic acid for the discoloration of the hairs, for the cuticle a wooden plate was used to print the "flakes" as a trace); a macroscopic characterization was also carried out from coloring patterns. The hair of 26 species of meso and macro mammals were study, with 164 samples collected. The catalogue can be used as a basis for future projects, such as the study of diets of carnivores and raptors. It is advisable to increase the sample size, given that it is the main limiting factor in these studies, to rule out possible intraspecific differences.
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PELO DE GUARDIA, CUTÍCULA, MÉDULA