La Ergonomia biometrica en la prevencion de lesiones musculoesqueleticas al personal de enfermeriaen el area de cirugia general del hospital del niño Dr.Francisco Icaza Bustamante 2017-2018
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil - Ciencias Médicas-Carrera de Enfermería
Resumen
La ergonomía biomecánica es una ciencia multidisciplinaria que estudia la relación del ser humano con su entorno laboral. En nuestro país Ecuador es un tema muy poco conocido, por lo que surge la importancia de realizar la investigación al personal de enfermería que realiza actividades en posturas inadecuadas a lo largo de su jornada laboral además que es el encargado de realizar diferentes tareas que demandan de repetitivo y constante esfuerzo, como es la movilización y el traslado de pacientes. Realizado con el objetivo de evaluar la aplicación de la ergonomía biomecánica en el personal auxiliar y profesional de enfermería. En este trabajo de investigación realizaremos un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Donde la unidad de análisis es en el Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante ubicado en el área de cirugía general. Se lo conformo con el personal de enfermería de las áreas de cirugía con un total con 26 auxiliares de enfermerías y 35 licenciadas en enfermería. El instrumento de recolección de datos para la investigación se realizó atraves de una encuesta donde utilizamos el cuestionario nórdico como guía para nuestro trabajo, resultados demostraron que existe predominio del sexo femenino sobre el masculino, el 47% del personal de enfermería tienen poco conocimiento sobre lo que realmente es la ergonomía biomecánica determinando que el auxiliar de enfermería tiene déficit de conocimiento. El 67% del personal de enfermería realizan el traslado de pacientes de una manera dura, el 49% del personal de enfermería realizan la movilización de pacientes de una manera muy dura, deduciendo que el 67% mayoritariamente el personal auxiliar siempre traslada y moviliza al paciente. El 31% indico que el dolor ciático fue frecuente en los últimos 2 meses además el 37% expreso que estas molestias se localizan principalmente en la espalda. Concluyendo que el personal de enfermería está expuesto a variadas lesiones musculoesqueléticas por falta de conocimiento y por una inadecuada aplicación de la ergonomía biomecánica, por lo que se recomienda desarrollar una propuesta con planes educativos para promover y fomentar el autocuidado del cuidador.
Biomechanical ergonomics is a multidisciplinary science that studies the relationship of the human being with his work environment. In our country, Ecuador is a little-known topic, so the importance of carrying out the research to the nursing staff that carries out activities in inappropriate positions throughout their working hours is also in charge of performing different tasks that demand repetitive and constant effort, as is the mobilization and transfer of patients. Carried out with the aim of evaluating the application of biomechanical ergonomics in auxiliary and professional nursing personnel. In this research we will carry out a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Where the unit of analysis is at the Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante Child Hospital located in the general surgery area. I am satisfied with the nursing staff of the areas of surgery with a total of 26 nursing assistants and 35 nursing graduates. The instrument for collecting data for research was conducted through a survey where we used the Nordic questionnaire as a guide for our work, results showed that there is a predominance of female over male, 47% of nurses have little knowledge about what what biomechanical ergonomics really is, determining that the nursing assistant has a knowledge deficit. 67% of the nursing staff carry out the transfer of patients in a harsh manner, 49% of the nursing staff perform the mobilization of patients in a very hard way, deducting that 67% of the auxiliary personnel always moves and mobilizes the patient. 31% indicated that sciatic pain was frequent in the last 2 months, and 37% expressed that these complaints are located mainly in the back. Concluding that the nursing staff is exposed to various musculoskeletal injuries due to lack of knowledge and inadequate application of biomechanical ergonomics, so it is recommended to develop a proposal with educational plans to promote and encourage caregiver self-care.
Biomechanical ergonomics is a multidisciplinary science that studies the relationship of the human being with his work environment. In our country, Ecuador is a little-known topic, so the importance of carrying out the research to the nursing staff that carries out activities in inappropriate positions throughout their working hours is also in charge of performing different tasks that demand repetitive and constant effort, as is the mobilization and transfer of patients. Carried out with the aim of evaluating the application of biomechanical ergonomics in auxiliary and professional nursing personnel. In this research we will carry out a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Where the unit of analysis is at the Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante Child Hospital located in the general surgery area. I am satisfied with the nursing staff of the areas of surgery with a total of 26 nursing assistants and 35 nursing graduates. The instrument for collecting data for research was conducted through a survey where we used the Nordic questionnaire as a guide for our work, results showed that there is a predominance of female over male, 47% of nurses have little knowledge about what what biomechanical ergonomics really is, determining that the nursing assistant has a knowledge deficit. 67% of the nursing staff carry out the transfer of patients in a harsh manner, 49% of the nursing staff perform the mobilization of patients in a very hard way, deducting that 67% of the auxiliary personnel always moves and mobilizes the patient. 31% indicated that sciatic pain was frequent in the last 2 months, and 37% expressed that these complaints are located mainly in the back. Concluding that the nursing staff is exposed to various musculoskeletal injuries due to lack of knowledge and inadequate application of biomechanical ergonomics, so it is recommended to develop a proposal with educational plans to promote and encourage caregiver self-care.
Descripción
BENF1176
Palabras clave
ERGONOMICA, AUTOCUIDADO, BIOMECANICA