Pie diabético, factores de riesgo en pacientes con úlcera en el Hospital General Martín Icaza período 2017
Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La diabetes mellitus ocupa un lugar importante como causa de complicaciones sistémicas múltiples, dentro del sistema nacional de salud en nuestro país. Ya que estos factores de riesgos y complicaciones producen limitación física y funcional que conduce con el tiempo a patologías catastróficas permanentes. Además, el pie diabético” constituye una de las complicaciones crónicas más importantes de la Diabetes Mellitus. El propósito de la investigación es analizar los factores de riesgos y complicaciones de las úlceras en el pie diabético del Hospital Martín Icaza de Babahoyo. Se hizo un estudio analítico, de enfoque cualitativo, de tipo transversal y retrospectivo que incluyó 120 pacientes atendidos entre el 1 de enero del 2017 al 31 de diciembre del mismo año. De los 120 pacientes evaluados durante el periodo de estudio, el 8% corresponde al grupo etario de 65 a 70 años, de más de 81 años corresponde al 26 %, de 71 años a 80 años corresponde al 66%. Así mismo en cuanto a la raza, el 89% fueron mestizas y la raza negra 11%. Del total de pacientes en estudio (120), la ciudad de Babahoyo presentó la mayor cantidad de paciente (54%), seguido en menor proporción Puebloviejo con 22%, luego Jujan con 12 % y posteriormente Tres Poste y Ventanas con el 8 y 4 % respectivamente. Del total de pacientes del estudio (120), el 63 % se asoció a factores de riesgo para pie diabético. Dentro de los tipos de factores de riesgo (120), la obesidad es uno de los factores de riesgo más importantes para desarrollar diabetes mellitus y por lo tanto pie diabético, con (35%), seguida de con la edad mayor de los 65 años con el 30 %. De nuestros pacientes de estudio, el 31 % presentó complicaciones de tipo crónico como es el IAM con una proporción de 36%, seguido de ACV con 26 %, arteriopatía periférica con 20 %, nefropatía diabética con 11 %, retinopatía con 5 % y otros trastornos múltiples con el 2 %. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las complicaciones y los factores de riesgo (p0, 001) y la edad (p0, 003).
Diabetes mellitus occupies an important place as a cause of múltiple systemic complications with in the national health system in our country. As these factors of risks and complications produce physical and functional limitation that eventually leads to permanent catastrophic pathologies. In addition, diabetic foot "is one of the most important chronic complications of Diabetes Mellitus. The purpose of the research is to analyze the risk factors and complications of diabetic foot ulcers at the Matín Icaza Hospital in Babahoyo. An analytical, qualitative, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out that included 120 patients treated between January 1, 2017 and December 31 of the same year. Of the 120 patients evaluated during the study period, 8% corresponds to the age group of 65 to 70 years, over 81 years corresponds to 26%, from 71 years to 80 years corresponds to 66%. As for the race, 89% were mestizas, and the black race 11%. Of the total number of patients under study (120), the city of Babahoyo presented the highest number of patients (54%), followed in a smaller proportion by Puebloviejo with 22%, then Jujan with 12% and subsequently Tres Poste and Ventanas with 8 and 4 % respectively. Of the total study patients (120), 63% were associated with risk factors for diabetic foot. Among the types of risk factors (120), obesity is one of the most important risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus and therefore diabetic foot, with (35%), followed by age older than 65 years. with 30%. Of our study patients, 31% presented chronic complications such as AMI with a 36% proportion, followed by stroke with 26%, peripheral arteriopathy with 20%, diabetic nephropathy with 11%, retinopathy with 5% and others multiple disorders with 2%. A statistically significant association was found between complications and risk factors (p0, 001) and age (p0, 003).
Diabetes mellitus occupies an important place as a cause of múltiple systemic complications with in the national health system in our country. As these factors of risks and complications produce physical and functional limitation that eventually leads to permanent catastrophic pathologies. In addition, diabetic foot "is one of the most important chronic complications of Diabetes Mellitus. The purpose of the research is to analyze the risk factors and complications of diabetic foot ulcers at the Matín Icaza Hospital in Babahoyo. An analytical, qualitative, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out that included 120 patients treated between January 1, 2017 and December 31 of the same year. Of the 120 patients evaluated during the study period, 8% corresponds to the age group of 65 to 70 years, over 81 years corresponds to 26%, from 71 years to 80 years corresponds to 66%. As for the race, 89% were mestizas, and the black race 11%. Of the total number of patients under study (120), the city of Babahoyo presented the highest number of patients (54%), followed in a smaller proportion by Puebloviejo with 22%, then Jujan with 12% and subsequently Tres Poste and Ventanas with 8 and 4 % respectively. Of the total study patients (120), 63% were associated with risk factors for diabetic foot. Among the types of risk factors (120), obesity is one of the most important risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus and therefore diabetic foot, with (35%), followed by age older than 65 years. with 30%. Of our study patients, 31% presented chronic complications such as AMI with a 36% proportion, followed by stroke with 26%, peripheral arteriopathy with 20%, diabetic nephropathy with 11%, retinopathy with 5% and others multiple disorders with 2%. A statistically significant association was found between complications and risk factors (p0, 001) and age (p0, 003).
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Pie diabético, Factores de riesgo, Epidemiología analítica, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital General Martín Icaza, Cantón Babahoyo, Ecuador, Ulcera del pie