Relación del estado nutricional y las células T CD4 en el deterioro del paciente con vih/sida
Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La infección por VIH causa la destrucción selectiva de células CD4 provocado por la replicación del virus, un bajo conteo de estas células se asocia con un mayor riesgo de infecciones oportunistas y predice mortalidad. La Inmunosupresión y la desnutrición, que se traduce en bajo Índice de masa corporal o la deficiencia de micronutrientes son factores de riesgo que incrementan la mortalidad. Los estadios severos de desnutrición son considerados como enfermedad marcadora de SIDA, ya que la desnutrición está íntimamente relacionada con estos pacientes. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue determinar la influencia del estado nutricional y su relación con las células TCD4 en el deterioro del paciente con VIH/SIDA hospitalizado en el Hospital de Infectología “Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña”, en la ciudad de Guayaquil, en el periodo comprendido de marzo 2017 a marzo del 2018; para esto, se siguió una metodología de investigación cuantitativa de tipo no experimental, observacional, con modelo descriptivo, analítico, inductivo, para identificar las relaciones existentes entre el estado nutricional con el conteo de células TCD4 del paciente hospitalizado con VIH, realizando las relaciones entre estos fenómenos mediante un proceso de análisis estadístico. Se concluyó que sí existe una relación moderada entre el estado nutricional y el conteo de células TCD4, relación que no implica causalidad, mientras que se encontró una relación inversamente proporcional entre el diagnóstico nutricional y el conteo de dichas células, contrario a lo esperado ya que estudios previos sugieren que esta relación debería ser directamente proporcional.
HIV infection causes the selective destruction of CD4 cells caused by the replication of the virus, a low count of these cells is associated with an increased risk of opportunistic infections and predicts mortality. Immunosuppression and malnutrition, which results in low body mass index or micronutrient deficiency are risk factors that increase mortality. Severe malnutrition stages are considered an AIDS marker disease, since malnutrition is intimately related to these patients. The main objective of this work was to determine the influence of nutritional status and its relationship with TCD4 cells in the deterioration of the patient with HIV / AIDS hospitalized in the Hospital of Infectology "Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña ", in the city of Guayaquil, in the period from March 2017 to March 2018; for this, a quantitative research methodology of non-experimental, observational type was followed, with descriptive, analytical, inductive model, to identify the existing relationships between the nutritional status and the TCD4 cell count of the patient hospitalized with HIV, making the relationships between these phenomena through a process of statistical analysis. It was concluded that there is a moderate relationship between the nutritional status and the TCD4 cell count, a relation that does not imply causality, while an inversely proportional relationship was found between the nutritional diagnosis and the counting of said cells, contrary to what was expected since previous studies suggest that this relationship should be directly proportional.
HIV infection causes the selective destruction of CD4 cells caused by the replication of the virus, a low count of these cells is associated with an increased risk of opportunistic infections and predicts mortality. Immunosuppression and malnutrition, which results in low body mass index or micronutrient deficiency are risk factors that increase mortality. Severe malnutrition stages are considered an AIDS marker disease, since malnutrition is intimately related to these patients. The main objective of this work was to determine the influence of nutritional status and its relationship with TCD4 cells in the deterioration of the patient with HIV / AIDS hospitalized in the Hospital of Infectology "Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña ", in the city of Guayaquil, in the period from March 2017 to March 2018; for this, a quantitative research methodology of non-experimental, observational type was followed, with descriptive, analytical, inductive model, to identify the existing relationships between the nutritional status and the TCD4 cell count of the patient hospitalized with HIV, making the relationships between these phenomena through a process of statistical analysis. It was concluded that there is a moderate relationship between the nutritional status and the TCD4 cell count, a relation that does not imply causality, while an inversely proportional relationship was found between the nutritional diagnosis and the counting of said cells, contrary to what was expected since previous studies suggest that this relationship should be directly proportional.
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Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, Desnutrición, Factores de riesgo, Hospital de Infectología Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Estado nutricional, Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, Linfocitos t cd4-positivos