La Automedicación como factor de riesgo en la salud de la población
Fecha
2005
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
La Automedicación es la práctica por medio de la cual los individuos reconocen en si mismos enfermedades o síntomas, y los tratan con medicamentos disponibles sin prescripción médica, cuya práctica tiene en la actualidad un gran auge a nivel mundial.
Actualmente, el público, un poco mas informado que en el pasado, se interesa por aceptar más responsabilidad personal en lo que respecta a su propio estado de salud y por obtener, de fuentes expertas, la mayor información posible para tomar las acciones apropiadas.
Los medios masivos y globales de comunicación, los cambios en los patrones de las enfermedades y la demanda creciente por mejorar la calidad de vida, han llevado a los individuos a participar más directamente en decisiones relacionadas con el cuidado de su salud, así como en ciertos casos el auto tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas y recurrentes.
Los desarrollos recientes de medicamentos nuevos más efectivos y considerados adecuados para libre acceso por vía oral o tópica, así como la reconsideración de los más antiguos por seguridad reconocida, ponen al alcance de la población una gama interesante de alternativas medicinales que podrían ser manejados por el mismo individuo.
Los medicamentos en la actualidad pueden restablecer la salud y producir un mejoramiento en la calidad de vida, pero por otro lado si estos no son utilizados correctamente, pueden ocasionar serios daños al organismo.
Muchas personas han terminado internadas en hospitales debido a que no pudieron obtener una mejoría por no haber tomado o utilizado sus medicinas de forma adecuada.
Por esta razón la función de un profesional es de gran importancia, en el caso del Químico Farmacéutico que hoy en día somos orientadores responsables sobre el cuidado diario de la salud y constituimos una figura clave en la cadena de aprovisionamiento de medicamentos, la educación y capacitación nos prepara para proporcionar información fundamentada acerca de estos productos.
Por lo que en estos momentos, su rol como participante activo en proporcionar información en los cuidados de la salud, ya sea en hospitales, farmacias comunitarias, laboratorios, en entidades públicas o en instituciones de educación superior es primordial.
El crecimiento incontrolable de farmacias en los diferentes sectores de la ciudad, en las cuales la poca o ninguna Atención Farmacéutica debido a una evidente ausencia del profesional, ligado a un incumplimiento de la leyes, ha permitido que la farmacia sea considerada como un lugar simplemente comercial, y la venta de medicamentos un "gran negocio".
Para el siguiente trabajo de investigación se realizaron encuestas, una enfocada hacia los dependientes de farmacias, y otra dirigida hacia los consumidores, en el Sector Sur Oeste de la Ciudad de Guayaquil, Parroquia Febres Cordero comprendida entre las calles Leonidas Plaza y Assad Bucaram (29ava), a través de las cuales se pueden conocer: los niveles de Automedicación en la población estudiada, los tipos de medicamentos que son más frecuentemente utilizados por los consumidores, se pudo constatar la situación actual de las Farmacias al tipo de atención y servicio que le dan a su comunidad y su punto de vista con relación a esta práctica, y que factores son los que motivan a los consumidores a recurrir a la práctica de la Automedicación.
Entre los resultados más importantes tenemos que referirnos a que: El nivel de automedicación del sector estudiado es de un 68% de individuos que reconocieron realizar esta práctica, entre los tipos de medicamentos más utilizados por los consumidores se encuentran: Antigripales 22%, Vitaminas 21%, Antibióticos 18%, desde el punto de vista de los dependientes de farmacia los medicamentos más solicitados por los usuarios son los Antiinflamatorios 23% y los Antibióticos 18%. En la mayoría de los casos los pacientes adquirieron los medicamentos en la farmacias 77%, igualmente los consumidores respondieron que nunca se les solicitaba la receta médica en las farmacias 32,3%, además que pocas veces se les daba la información necesaria sobre los medicamentos 31%.
Finalmente tanto los dependientes de las Farmacias como los consumidores respondieron que el Factor Económico 26% era el motivo principal por el que se recurría a la Automedicación.
Al observar estos resultados podemos decir que la Automedicación es una práctica que es realizada por un elevado porcentaje de la población que careciendo de la información y asesoría necesaria, y teniendo la posibilidad de adquirir medicamentos con mucha facilidad, sin los controles necesarios, la Automedicación si constituye un peligro y un factor de riesgo elevado en la salud de la población.
The Self-medication is the practice by means of which the individuals recognize in if same illnesses or symptoms, and they treat them with available medications without medical prescription whose practice has a great peak at the present time at world level. At the moment, the public, a little but informed that in the past, he/she is interested to accept more personal responsibility in that than it concerns to their own state of health and to obtain, of expert sources, the biggest possible information to take the appropriate actions. The massive and global means of communication, the changes in the patterns of the illnesses and the growing demand to improve the quality of life, they have taken to the individuals to participate more directly in decisions related with the care of their health, as well as in certain cases the self - treatment of chronic and recurrent illnesses. The recent developments of appropriate more effective and considered new medications for free access for via oral or topical, as well as the reconsideration of the oldest for grateful security, they put within reach of the population an interesting range of alternative medicinal that could be managed by the same individual. The medications at the present time can reestablish the health and to produce an improvement in the quality of life, but on the other hand if these they are not used correctly, they can cause serious damages to the organism. Many people have finished interned in hospitals because they could not obtain an improvement for not having taken or used their medicines in an appropriate way. For this reason the function of a professional is of great importance, in the case of the Pharmaceutical Chemist that today we are responsible to provide information on the daily care of the health and we are a key figure in the chain of provisioning of medications, its education and training prepares us to provide solid information about these products. In these moments, their function like active participant in providing information in the cares of the health, either in hospitals, the community pharmacy, the laboratory, in government institutions or in institutions of superior education it is primordial. The uncontrollable growth of pharmacies in the different sectors of the city, in those which the little one or any Pharmaceutical Attention due to the professional's evident absence, bound to a non fulfillment of the laws, it has allowed that the pharmacy is considered as a simply commercial place, and the sale of medications a "great business." For the following investigation work they were carried out surveys, one focused toward the clerks of pharmacies, and another directed toward the consumers, in the Sector South West of the City of Guayaquil, Parish Febres Cordero, located between the streets Leonidas Plaza and Assad Bucaram (29th), through which can be known: the levels of Self-medication in the studied population, the types of medications that are more frequently used by the consumers, you could verify the current situation from the Pharmacies to the type of attention and service that give to their community and their point of view with relationship to this practice, and that factors are those that motivate the consumers to appeal to the practice of the Self-medication. Among the most important results we have to refer to that: The level of self-medication of the studied sector is of 68% of individuals that recognized to carry out this practice, among the types of medications more used by the consumers they are: Anti-freeze 22%, Vitamins 21%, Antibiotics 18%, from the point of view of the pharmacy clerks the medications more requested by the users they are the Anti-inflammatory 23 %s and the Antibiotics 18%. In most of the cases the patients acquired the medications in the pharmacies 77%, equally the consumers responded that they were never requested the medical recipe in the pharmacies 32,3%, also that few times were given the necessary information on the medications 31%. Finally so much the clerks of the Pharmacies like the consumers responded that the Factor Economic 26% was the main reason for which was appealed to the Self-medication. When observing these results we can say that the Self-medication is a practice that is carried out by the population's high percentage that lacking the information and necessary consultant ship, and having the possibility to acquire medications with a lot of easiness, without the necessary controls, the Self-medication if it constitutes a danger and a factor of high risk in the population's health.
The Self-medication is the practice by means of which the individuals recognize in if same illnesses or symptoms, and they treat them with available medications without medical prescription whose practice has a great peak at the present time at world level. At the moment, the public, a little but informed that in the past, he/she is interested to accept more personal responsibility in that than it concerns to their own state of health and to obtain, of expert sources, the biggest possible information to take the appropriate actions. The massive and global means of communication, the changes in the patterns of the illnesses and the growing demand to improve the quality of life, they have taken to the individuals to participate more directly in decisions related with the care of their health, as well as in certain cases the self - treatment of chronic and recurrent illnesses. The recent developments of appropriate more effective and considered new medications for free access for via oral or topical, as well as the reconsideration of the oldest for grateful security, they put within reach of the population an interesting range of alternative medicinal that could be managed by the same individual. The medications at the present time can reestablish the health and to produce an improvement in the quality of life, but on the other hand if these they are not used correctly, they can cause serious damages to the organism. Many people have finished interned in hospitals because they could not obtain an improvement for not having taken or used their medicines in an appropriate way. For this reason the function of a professional is of great importance, in the case of the Pharmaceutical Chemist that today we are responsible to provide information on the daily care of the health and we are a key figure in the chain of provisioning of medications, its education and training prepares us to provide solid information about these products. In these moments, their function like active participant in providing information in the cares of the health, either in hospitals, the community pharmacy, the laboratory, in government institutions or in institutions of superior education it is primordial. The uncontrollable growth of pharmacies in the different sectors of the city, in those which the little one or any Pharmaceutical Attention due to the professional's evident absence, bound to a non fulfillment of the laws, it has allowed that the pharmacy is considered as a simply commercial place, and the sale of medications a "great business." For the following investigation work they were carried out surveys, one focused toward the clerks of pharmacies, and another directed toward the consumers, in the Sector South West of the City of Guayaquil, Parish Febres Cordero, located between the streets Leonidas Plaza and Assad Bucaram (29th), through which can be known: the levels of Self-medication in the studied population, the types of medications that are more frequently used by the consumers, you could verify the current situation from the Pharmacies to the type of attention and service that give to their community and their point of view with relationship to this practice, and that factors are those that motivate the consumers to appeal to the practice of the Self-medication. Among the most important results we have to refer to that: The level of self-medication of the studied sector is of 68% of individuals that recognized to carry out this practice, among the types of medications more used by the consumers they are: Anti-freeze 22%, Vitamins 21%, Antibiotics 18%, from the point of view of the pharmacy clerks the medications more requested by the users they are the Anti-inflammatory 23 %s and the Antibiotics 18%. In most of the cases the patients acquired the medications in the pharmacies 77%, equally the consumers responded that they were never requested the medical recipe in the pharmacies 32,3%, also that few times were given the necessary information on the medications 31%. Finally so much the clerks of the Pharmacies like the consumers responded that the Factor Economic 26% was the main reason for which was appealed to the Self-medication. When observing these results we can say that the Self-medication is a practice that is carried out by the population's high percentage that lacking the information and necessary consultant ship, and having the possibility to acquire medications with a lot of easiness, without the necessary controls, the Self-medication if it constitutes a danger and a factor of high risk in the population's health.
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AUTOMEDICACIÓN