Prevalencia de fluorosis dental en escolares
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2018-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
La fluorosis dental es una anomalía, que puede presentarse durante el proceso del desarrollo del esmalte dental, como consecuencia de la ingesta excesiva y prolongada de flúor, que se manifiestan desde marcas blancas apenas visibles, hasta machas de color amarillo o marrón oscuro. El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue; establecer la prevalencia de fluorosis dental en niños de edades comprendidas entre 6 a 9 años del Centro de Educación Inicial, “César Andrade”, de la ciudad de Guayaquil, en el año 2018, cuya población es de 544 escolares matriculados, desde Segundo a Cuarto año de educación básica, en los que, con un muestreo probabilístico de 231 estudiantes y cuyo estudio fue de tipo cualitativo, cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional y transversal, utilizando como instrumento de evaluación el diagnóstico diferencial de Dean y el cálculo del Índice de Fluorosis Comunitario (F.I.C.); obteniéndose como resultado una prevalencia del 24%, de estudiante con fluorosis dental, siendo el más afectado el género femenino con un 51% y la edad de 8 años con un 48%; de acuerdo a la severidad se obtuvo que el grado 2 (muy leve) fue el más prevalente y las piezas dentarias más afectada fueron: los incisivos centrales superiores con un 31%, seguido de los primeros molares superiores e inferiores con el 19% y 15% respectivamente, en conclusión, podemos decir, que existe un bajo porcentaje de fluorosis en los niños examinados, y que según los resultados obtenidos en el F.I.C (0,25), no representa un problema de salud pública, sin embargo, de continuar con los factores de riesgo existentes en el medio, podría llegar a convertirse en un problema de salud
The dental fluorosis is an anomaly during the process of the development of the dental enamel as a consequence of the excessive and long ingestion of fluorine and is shown from white scarcely visible spots up to of yellow or dark brown spots. The aim of the present work of investigation was to establish the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children of ages between 6 to 9 years in the Center of Initial Education César Andrade, in the city of Guayaquil, in the year 2018, which population was of 544 registered students, from Second to Fourth year of Basic Education. The probabilistic sample was of 231 students and the study was qualitative, quantitative, descriptive, observational and transversely, using as instrument of evaluation the Dean Differential Diagnosis and the calculation of Fluorosis Comunitary Index (F.I.C.). The prevalence was of 24%, being the most affected the feminine gender with 51% and the age of 8 years with 48%. According to the severity, there was obtained that the degree 2 (very slight) was more prevalent and the most affected dental pieces were the central top incisor teeth with 31%, followed by the first top and low molars with 19% and 15% respectively. Conclusions: There is low percentage of dental fluorosis in the examined children, and according to the results obtained in the F.I.C (0,25), does not represent a problem of public health. Nevertheless if these factors of risk continue, it might turn into a health problem
The dental fluorosis is an anomaly during the process of the development of the dental enamel as a consequence of the excessive and long ingestion of fluorine and is shown from white scarcely visible spots up to of yellow or dark brown spots. The aim of the present work of investigation was to establish the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children of ages between 6 to 9 years in the Center of Initial Education César Andrade, in the city of Guayaquil, in the year 2018, which population was of 544 registered students, from Second to Fourth year of Basic Education. The probabilistic sample was of 231 students and the study was qualitative, quantitative, descriptive, observational and transversely, using as instrument of evaluation the Dean Differential Diagnosis and the calculation of Fluorosis Comunitary Index (F.I.C.). The prevalence was of 24%, being the most affected the feminine gender with 51% and the age of 8 years with 48%. According to the severity, there was obtained that the degree 2 (very slight) was more prevalent and the most affected dental pieces were the central top incisor teeth with 31%, followed by the first top and low molars with 19% and 15% respectively. Conclusions: There is low percentage of dental fluorosis in the examined children, and according to the results obtained in the F.I.C (0,25), does not represent a problem of public health. Nevertheless if these factors of risk continue, it might turn into a health problem
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Palabras clave
FLUOROSIS DENTAL, PREVALENCIA, FLUOR