Distribución espacial y temporal de coliformes totales y fecales en el Río Yaguachi.
Fecha
2018
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El río Yaguachi es un sistema fluvial de la provincia del Guayas del cual se abastece la población aledaña para agua consumo, riego y recreación. Con la finalidad de determinar la distribución espacial y temporal de coliformes totales y fecales en el río se monitorearon 8 estaciones en 5 períodos, entre el final de la época lluviosa en mayo y en la época seca en los meses de junio y Julio del 2018. Se analizó la concentración de coliformes fecales y totales, así como los parámetros físico-químicos (pH, temperatura, conductividad eléctrica, DBO, DQO, oxígeno
disuelto, turbidez y salinidad). Los Puntos de muestreo 5, 6 y 7 que se encontraban cercanos a los sectores poblados presentaron concentraciones superiores los límites máximos permisibles de coliformes fecales según los valores de referencia del TULSMA. En el caso de coliformes totales las estaciones 5, 6 y 7 en los meses de junio y julio presentaron 5.000 NMP/100 ml que sobrepasan los límites máximos permisibles de 4000 NMP/100ml para uso recreacional. No se observó correlación de los parámetros fisicoquímicos y la concentración de coliformes. Con los
datos obtenidos se limita las actividades de recreación y pesca en el río, debido que se pueda
desarrollar enfermedades gastrointestinales y cutáneas con la exposición prolongada a las
aguas. La contaminación del rio Yaguachi es propia de las actividades antrópicas debido a las descargas directas de aguas negras.
The Yaguachi River is a fluvial system of the province of Guayas from which the surrounding population is supplied for drinking water, irrigation and recreation. In order to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of total and fecal coliforms in the river, 8 stations were monitored in 5 periods, between the end of the rainy season in May and the dry season in the months of June and July of 2018. The concentration of fecal and total coliforms was analyzed, as well as the physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, BOD, COD, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and salinity). Sampling points 5, 6 and 7 that were close to the populated areas presented higher concentrations than the maximum permissible limits of fecal coliforms according to the TULSMA reference values. In the case of total coliforms, stations 5, 6 and 7 in the months of June and July presented 5,000 NMP / 100 ml that exceed the maximum permissible limits of 4000 NMP / 100ml for recreational use. No correlation of physicochemical parameters and concentration of coliforms was observed. With the obtained data, recreation and fishing activities in the river are limited, since gastrointestinal and skin diseases can develop with prolonged exposure to the waters. The contamination of the Yaguachi River is typical of anthropogenic activities due to direct discharges of sewage.
The Yaguachi River is a fluvial system of the province of Guayas from which the surrounding population is supplied for drinking water, irrigation and recreation. In order to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of total and fecal coliforms in the river, 8 stations were monitored in 5 periods, between the end of the rainy season in May and the dry season in the months of June and July of 2018. The concentration of fecal and total coliforms was analyzed, as well as the physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, BOD, COD, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and salinity). Sampling points 5, 6 and 7 that were close to the populated areas presented higher concentrations than the maximum permissible limits of fecal coliforms according to the TULSMA reference values. In the case of total coliforms, stations 5, 6 and 7 in the months of June and July presented 5,000 NMP / 100 ml that exceed the maximum permissible limits of 4000 NMP / 100ml for recreational use. No correlation of physicochemical parameters and concentration of coliforms was observed. With the obtained data, recreation and fishing activities in the river are limited, since gastrointestinal and skin diseases can develop with prolonged exposure to the waters. The contamination of the Yaguachi River is typical of anthropogenic activities due to direct discharges of sewage.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COLIFORMES FECALES Y TOTALES, CONTAMINACIÓN, AGUAS NEGRAS