Correlación del trastorno de estrés postraumatico y suicidio en victimas del terremoto del 16 de Abril del 2016 atendidos en Consulta Externa del Instituto Neurociencias
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Los terremotos son considerados uno de los más mortales, devastadores e incontrolables desastres naturales. Pueden causar la destrucción masiva, pérdida de la vida y los supervivientes pueden desarrollar síntomas psicológicos. Debido a la alta frecuencia de este tipo de calamidad natural y la gran repercusión que produce, se analizó los efectos posteriores a los desastres en términos de mortalidad, morbilidad, discapacidad física y trauma psicológico posteriores a los desastres.
Objetivo: Establecer la correlación del trastorno de estrés postraumático y la conducta suicida en víctimas del terremoto del 16 de abril del 2016 atendidos en consulta externa del Instituto de Neurociencias.
Metodología: El estudio es de tipo observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y de corte transversal, que incluyó a los pacientes con trastorno de estrés postraumático captados desde el periodo del 16 de abril del 2016 hasta 16 de abril del 2017.
Resultados: Se observó un predominio de pacientes de sexo masculino (60,3%), el grupo etario de 18 a 40 años de edad fue el de mayor proporción con el 53,4% (39). El promedio de edad fue de 36,2 años. Se encontró 35,6% de conducta suicida entre los pacientes con estrés postraumático. El 37% (27) presentó factores de riesgo asociados a la conducta suicida, siendo el sexo femenino (34,2%) el más frecuente. El consumo de alcohol y las pérdidas económicas después del terremoto también fueron factores importantes con el 34,2% respectivamente. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la conducta suicida con la presencia de factores de riesgo, consumo de alcohol, depresión, desempleo, tener un familiar afectado por el terremoto, sexo femenino, pérdidas económicas y las pérdidas familiares (p < 0,05). Se comprobó la hipótesis de la investigación ya que la probabilidad obtenida del p-valor fue < a 0,05 cuando se relacionó la conducta suicida en pacientes con trastorno de estrés postraumático con los factores de riesgo (p=0,01/OR: 4.624 IC95%: 2.240-9.545).
Earthquakes are considered one of the most deadly, devastating and uncontrollable natural disasters. They can cause massive destruction; loss of life and survivors can develop psychological symptoms. Due to the high frequency of this type of natural calamity and the great impact it produces, the post-disaster effects in terms of mortality, morbidity, physical disability and post-disaster psychological trauma will be analyzed. Objective: To establish the correlation of post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide in victims of the earthquake of April 16, 2016 attended in an external consultation of the institute of neurosciences. Methodology: The study is of observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional type, which included patients with post-traumatic stress disorder from the period of April 16, 2016 to April 16, 2017. Results: A predominance of male patients was observed (60.3%), the age group of 18 to 40 years of age was the highest proportion with 53.4% (39). The average age was 36.2 years. 35.6% of suicidal behavior was found among patients with post-traumatic stress. 37% (27) presented risk factors associated with suicidal behavior, being the female sex (34.2%) the most frequent. The consumption of alcohol and economic losses after the earthquake were also important factors with 34.2% respectively. A statistically significant association was found between suicidal behavior with the presence of risk factors, alcohol consumption, depression, unemployment, having a relative affected by the earthquake, female sex, economic losses and family losses (p <0.05). The hypothesis of the investigation was verified since the probability obtained from the p-value was <to 0.05 when the suicidal behavior in patients with PTSD was related to the risk factors (p = 0.01 / OR: 4.624 IC95%: 2,240-9,545). Keywords: earthquake, disaster, post-traumatic stress, physical disability, psychological trauma, suicide risk, suicide.
Earthquakes are considered one of the most deadly, devastating and uncontrollable natural disasters. They can cause massive destruction; loss of life and survivors can develop psychological symptoms. Due to the high frequency of this type of natural calamity and the great impact it produces, the post-disaster effects in terms of mortality, morbidity, physical disability and post-disaster psychological trauma will be analyzed. Objective: To establish the correlation of post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide in victims of the earthquake of April 16, 2016 attended in an external consultation of the institute of neurosciences. Methodology: The study is of observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional type, which included patients with post-traumatic stress disorder from the period of April 16, 2016 to April 16, 2017. Results: A predominance of male patients was observed (60.3%), the age group of 18 to 40 years of age was the highest proportion with 53.4% (39). The average age was 36.2 years. 35.6% of suicidal behavior was found among patients with post-traumatic stress. 37% (27) presented risk factors associated with suicidal behavior, being the female sex (34.2%) the most frequent. The consumption of alcohol and economic losses after the earthquake were also important factors with 34.2% respectively. A statistically significant association was found between suicidal behavior with the presence of risk factors, alcohol consumption, depression, unemployment, having a relative affected by the earthquake, female sex, economic losses and family losses (p <0.05). The hypothesis of the investigation was verified since the probability obtained from the p-value was <to 0.05 when the suicidal behavior in patients with PTSD was related to the risk factors (p = 0.01 / OR: 4.624 IC95%: 2,240-9,545). Keywords: earthquake, disaster, post-traumatic stress, physical disability, psychological trauma, suicide risk, suicide.
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Terremotos, Desastres naturales, Distrés psicológico, Discapacidad física, Trauma psicológico, Suicidio, Instituto de Neurociencias, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador