Imágenes de las metástasis cerebrales supratentoriales e infratentoriales mediante resonancia magnética en el Instituto Oncológico Nacional Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo durante el período diciembre 2010 - diciembre 2012
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2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Las metástasis cerebrales representan el 40% de todos los tumores cerebrales. La Resonancia Magnética (RM) es la técnica de elección para obtener imágenes de todos los tipos de tumor cerebral debido a su alta sensibilidad. Actualmente el Instituto Oncológico Nacional “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” no cuenta con información documentada sobre las características imagenológicas de las Metástasis Cerebrales mediante RM. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar las características imagenológicas de las metástasis cerebrales por medio de RM para contribuir con la evaluación integral y a la adecuada elección del tratamiento de los pacientes. Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo retrospectivo y de diseño no experimental - transversal. Los resultados mostraron que las neoplasias primarias que más hicieron metástasis cerebrales fueron el de mama en el 58% y el de pulmón en el 36%. El 52 % de los pacientes eran mayores de 50 años y en el 63% se presentó en el sexo femenino. La cefalea (40%) y las alteraciones del sensorio (24%) fueron los signos y síntomas más frecuentes. En el 56% de los casos las metástasis fueron múltiples y en el 44% de los casos fueron únicas. Las metástasis de ubicación Supratentorial se presentaron en el 56% de los casos, de localización Infratentorial en el 28% de los casos y en ambas localizaciones en un 16% de los casos. En cuanto a los bordes de las metástasis se encontraron que el 60% de los pacientes presentaron los bordes bien definidos y 40 % presentaron los bordes mal definidos. Se presentó edema vasogénico en el 72% de los casos y no se presentó edema vasogénico en el 28%. En el 72% de los casos presentaron captación en anillo y en el 28% de los casos la captación fue homogénea. En el 64% de los casos no se presentó efecto de masa y en el 36% de los casos se presentó efecto de masa. Se identifico respecto al tipo de intensidad en las secuencias potenciadas en T1 que en el 100% de los casos las metástasis se presentaron hipointensas. En las secuencias potenciadas en T2 el 88 % de los casos se presentaron hiperintensas, en el 8% de los casos se presentaron hipointensas y en el 4% de los casos las metástasis cerebrales se presentaron isointensas.
Brain metastases represents 40% of all brain tumors. MRI is the modality of choice for imaging of all types of brain tumor because of its high sensitivity. Currently, the National Cancer Institute "Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo" does not have documented information on the imaging characteristics of Brain Metastases by MRI. The objective of this study is to determine the imaging characteristics of brain metastases by MRI to contribute to the comprehensive assessment and appropriate choice of treatment of cancer patients. Cross - an observational, descriptive and retrospective non-experimental design was conducted. The results showed that primary neoplasms who did most brain metastases were breast in 58% and lung cancer by 36%. 52% of patients were older than 50 years, and 63% occurred in females. Headache (40%) and seizures (24%) were the most common signs and symptoms. In 56% of cases were multiple metastases and in 44% of cases were only. Supratentorial location metastases occurred in 56% of cases of Infratentorial location in 28% of cases and in both locations in 16% of cases. As for the edges of metastases found that 60% of patients had well-defined edges and 40% had poorly defined borders. Vasogenic edema was present in 72% of cases and not vasogenic edema was present in 28%. In 72% of cases showed uptake ring and in 28% of cases are uptake homogeneous. In 64% of cases did not show mass effect and in 36% of cases mass effect was presented. Regarding the type of intensity in T1-weighted sequences in 95% of cases showed hypointense metastasis was identified. On T2-weighted sequences 88% of the cases were hyperintense in 8% of the cases were hypointense and in 4% of cases of brain metastases appeared isointense.
Brain metastases represents 40% of all brain tumors. MRI is the modality of choice for imaging of all types of brain tumor because of its high sensitivity. Currently, the National Cancer Institute "Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo" does not have documented information on the imaging characteristics of Brain Metastases by MRI. The objective of this study is to determine the imaging characteristics of brain metastases by MRI to contribute to the comprehensive assessment and appropriate choice of treatment of cancer patients. Cross - an observational, descriptive and retrospective non-experimental design was conducted. The results showed that primary neoplasms who did most brain metastases were breast in 58% and lung cancer by 36%. 52% of patients were older than 50 years, and 63% occurred in females. Headache (40%) and seizures (24%) were the most common signs and symptoms. In 56% of cases were multiple metastases and in 44% of cases were only. Supratentorial location metastases occurred in 56% of cases of Infratentorial location in 28% of cases and in both locations in 16% of cases. As for the edges of metastases found that 60% of patients had well-defined edges and 40% had poorly defined borders. Vasogenic edema was present in 72% of cases and not vasogenic edema was present in 28%. In 72% of cases showed uptake ring and in 28% of cases are uptake homogeneous. In 64% of cases did not show mass effect and in 36% of cases mass effect was presented. Regarding the type of intensity in T1-weighted sequences in 95% of cases showed hypointense metastasis was identified. On T2-weighted sequences 88% of the cases were hyperintense in 8% of the cases were hypointense and in 4% of cases of brain metastases appeared isointense.
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METÁSTASIS CEREBRAL, RESONANCIA MAGNÉTICA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, HOSPITAL SOLCA DE GUAYAQUIL, CANTÓN GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR, DIAGNÓSTICO POR IMAGEN, NEOPLASIAS SUPRATENTORIALES, NEOPLASIAS INFRATENTORIALES, NEOPLASIAS ENCEFÁLICAS