Factores de riesgo relacionados con la infección cérvico-uterina por virus del papiloma humano en adolescentes sexualmente activas, propuesta educativa
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Se realizó un estudio teórico - práctico, en una primera etapa de tipo analítico
correlacional, de corte trasversal, y en una segunda etapa de tipo teórico, a partir de una
revisión bibliográfica para el diseño de una estrategia educativa. El propósito del estudio fue
diseñar una estrategia educativa, que contribuya a la prevención de la infección por el Virus
del Papiloma Humano, y de esta forma a alcanzar un comportamiento sexual responsable de
las adolescentes en situación de riesgo y disminuir la infección por este virus. Dentro de los
principales resultados del estudio inicial se encuentran que la población adolescente estudiada
proviene en la mayor parte de zonas urbanizadas. Predominan las adolescentes solteras y de
unión libre. La mayoría son estudiantes con un nivel educativo medio-bajo, se registra un
nivel de instrucción incompleto, con predominio del secundario y el primario. En el caso de
las que no estudian se evidencia que sobresalen oficios como actividades domésticas. Dentro
de los factores de riesgo más frecuentes en las adolescentes estudiadas se encuentran el tener
un amplio rango de parejas sexuales. Los factores que mayor relación estadística mostraron
con la infección por el VPH y las complicaciones asociadas fueron la neoplasia intraepitelial
escamosa de bajo grado, las vulvo-vaginitis, el herpes genital y las verrugas genitales. Se
diseñó la propuesta educativa en función de los resultados obtenidos.
A theoretical - practical study was conducted, in a first stage crosscut correlational analytic, and in a second stage of theoretical type, from a literature review, for the design of an educational strategy. The purpose of the study was to introduce an educational strategy that contributes to the prevention of human papilloma virus infection, and thus achieve a responsible sexual behavior in adolescents at risk and reduce infection with this virus. Among the main results of the initial study are that most of the adolescent population studied comes from urbanized areas. Cohabiting and unmarried adolescents predominate. Most are students with a low educational level. Incomplete instruction level is recorded, predominantly secondary and primary. In case of those who do not study, occupations such as Housekeeping predominate. One of the the most common risk factors of the adolescents studied is having wide range of sexual partners. Factors that showed greater statistical relationship with HPV infection and associated complications were low grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, vulvovaginitis, herpes and genital warts. The educational proposal was designed based on the results obtained.
A theoretical - practical study was conducted, in a first stage crosscut correlational analytic, and in a second stage of theoretical type, from a literature review, for the design of an educational strategy. The purpose of the study was to introduce an educational strategy that contributes to the prevention of human papilloma virus infection, and thus achieve a responsible sexual behavior in adolescents at risk and reduce infection with this virus. Among the main results of the initial study are that most of the adolescent population studied comes from urbanized areas. Cohabiting and unmarried adolescents predominate. Most are students with a low educational level. Incomplete instruction level is recorded, predominantly secondary and primary. In case of those who do not study, occupations such as Housekeeping predominate. One of the the most common risk factors of the adolescents studied is having wide range of sexual partners. Factors that showed greater statistical relationship with HPV infection and associated complications were low grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, vulvovaginitis, herpes and genital warts. The educational proposal was designed based on the results obtained.
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Palabras clave
Adolescente, Sexualidad, Infección, Virus del papiloma humano, Educación sexual, Centro Oncológico SOLCA - Manta, Cantón Manta, Ecuador, Cuello del útero, Programas educativos