Tuberculosis pulmonar en el Centro de Salud Anidado El Triunfo, guía de prevención
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
INTRODUCCIÓN: La tuberculosis está reconocida como una de las enfermedades más
importantes en la mayoría de los países del mundo, sobre todo en los países de clima
tropical de medianos y bajos recursos económicos como lo es el Ecuador. OBJETIVO
GENERAL: identificar los factores que predisponen el aumento de casos de tuberculosis
pulmonar en el Centro de Salud Anidado El Triunfo, para contribuir con su disminución,
mediante el diseño y socialización de una guía de prevención. OBJETIVOS
ESPECÍFICOS: Revisar la problemática actual de la tuberculosis pulmonar en base a la
literatura encontrada. Analizar los factores biológicos, socioeconómicos y educacionales,
como posibles causantes de la enfermedad tuberculosa. Diseñar una guía preventiva, para
ser socializada a la población del Cantón El Triunfo. METODOLOGÍA: Con un universo
de 112 usuarios tratados (35 casos en el 2013, 38 en el 2014 y 39 en el 2015), la
metodología cualitativa aplicada fue de tipo observacional y comparativa, donde se
analizaron variables de cada uno de los usuarios tratados y que reposan en el libro de casos
de tuberculosis, las historias clínicas y en las fichas familiares domiciliarias que pertenecen
al Centro de Salud Anidado El Triunfo, para conocer sus características biológicas,
socioeconómicas y educacionales. RESULTADOS: Los hombres son los más afectados en
comparación a las mujeres, así como el grupo de adultos jóvenes, la DM y el VIH/SIDA
constituyen las principales comorbilidades presentes; la desnutrición, el alcoholismo, el
tabaquismo, la drogadicción, las ocupaciones forzadas y mal remuneradas como por
ejemplo los jornaleros y albañiles, constituyeron características socioeconómicas presentes
en el grupo de estudio; dentro de las características educacionales, podemos anotar que la
mitad de los usuarios contaban con instrucción primaria, seguido de los que contaban con
secundaria, preprimaria, analfabetos y en menor proporción los que contaban con
instrucción superior. CONCLUSIÓN: Las características biológicas, socioeconómicas y
educacionales, constituyen un pilar importante como coadyuvantes en la presencia de
enfermedad tuberculosa., por lo que se diseña una guía preventiva, para la socialización en
el Cantón El Triunfo.
INTRODUCTION: TB is recognized as one of the most important diseases in most countries of the world, especially in tropical countries with medium and low economic resources such as Ecuador. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Identify the factors that predispose the increase of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Center for Nested Health El Triunfo, to contribute to its decrease, through the design and socialization of a prevention guide. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: To review the current problems of pulmonary tuberculosis, based on the literature found. To analyze the biological, socioeconomic and educational factors, as possible causes of the tuberculosis disease. Design a preventive guide, to be socialized to the population of Canton El Triunfo. METHODOLOGY: With a universe of 112 users treated (35 cases in 2013, 38 in 2014 and 39 in 2015), the qualitative methodology applied was observational and comparative, where variables of each of the treated users were analyzed which are based on the case book of tuberculosis, clinical records and household records that belong to the El Triunfo Nested Health Center, in order to know its biological, socioeconomic and educational characteristics. RESULTS: Men are the most affected compared to women, as well as the group of young adults, DM and HIV / AIDS constitute the main comorbidities present; Malnutrition, alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction, forced and poorly remunerated occupations such as day laborers and masons, were socioeconomic characteristics present in the study group; Within the educational characteristics, we can note that half of the users had primary education, followed by those with secondary, pre-primary, illiterate and, to a lesser extent, those with higher education. CONCLUSION: The biological, socioeconomic and educational characteristics are an important pillar as adjuncts in the presence of tuberculosis disease, so a preventive guide is designed for socialization in Canton El Triunfo
INTRODUCTION: TB is recognized as one of the most important diseases in most countries of the world, especially in tropical countries with medium and low economic resources such as Ecuador. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Identify the factors that predispose the increase of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Center for Nested Health El Triunfo, to contribute to its decrease, through the design and socialization of a prevention guide. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: To review the current problems of pulmonary tuberculosis, based on the literature found. To analyze the biological, socioeconomic and educational factors, as possible causes of the tuberculosis disease. Design a preventive guide, to be socialized to the population of Canton El Triunfo. METHODOLOGY: With a universe of 112 users treated (35 cases in 2013, 38 in 2014 and 39 in 2015), the qualitative methodology applied was observational and comparative, where variables of each of the treated users were analyzed which are based on the case book of tuberculosis, clinical records and household records that belong to the El Triunfo Nested Health Center, in order to know its biological, socioeconomic and educational characteristics. RESULTS: Men are the most affected compared to women, as well as the group of young adults, DM and HIV / AIDS constitute the main comorbidities present; Malnutrition, alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction, forced and poorly remunerated occupations such as day laborers and masons, were socioeconomic characteristics present in the study group; Within the educational characteristics, we can note that half of the users had primary education, followed by those with secondary, pre-primary, illiterate and, to a lesser extent, those with higher education. CONCLUSION: The biological, socioeconomic and educational characteristics are an important pillar as adjuncts in the presence of tuberculosis disease, so a preventive guide is designed for socialization in Canton El Triunfo
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Tuberculosis pulmonar, Estudio comparativo, Manuales de salud, Centro de Salud Anidado El Triunfo, Cantón El Triunfo, Ecuador