Comportamiento de las infecciones respiratorias agudas en menores de 5 años
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Las IRA actualmente constituyen la primera causa de morbimortalidad entre los niños
menores de cinco años. Son originadas por microorganismos, virus y bacterias; como
objetivo del estudio se determinó el comportamiento de las IRA en los niños de esa edad
que acudieron al Servicio de Emergencia del CCQAHD IESS, de la ciudad de Santo
Domingo, en el período de enero a junio del 2016. Se realizó un estudio de diseño,
observacional de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo; con un universo de
3563 niños con cuadros respiratorios agudos; la muestra la constituyeron 346 niños
diagnosticados con IRA seleccionados por el muestreo aleatorio simple. Se establece que
la patología predominante fue la Rinofaringitis Aguda (47%); los principales factores de
riesgo biológico fueron: el sexo masculino (53,18%), la edad de 1 a 2 años (24,27%) la
supresión de lactancia materna (72%), la prematuridad con el (30.35%). Entre los factores
socio-ambientales: la asistencia a centros infantiles (19.95%); la convivencia con
fumadores con (51.15%); suministrar medicamentos sin receta, estuvo presente entre el
grupo como factor que puso en riesgo la salud de los niños. La neumonía es la principal
causa de referencia hospitalaria. En marzo y abril prevalecen las IRA, relacionadas con la
época invernal más clima húmedo. Se acepta la hipótesis de que los factores de riesgo influyen
en el comportamiento de las IRA con un nivel de significancia de 0.01. Es indispensable la
implementación de medidas preventivas dirigidas a madres, cuidadores y población en
general, evitando así complicaciones de las enfermedades respiratorias.
IRAs are currently the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under the age of five. They are caused by microorganisms, viruses and bacteria; the objective of the study was to determine the behavior of ARI in children of that age who attended the Emergency Service of CCQAHD IESS, in the city of Santo Domingo, from January to June, 2016. A design study, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective; with a universe of 3563 children with acute respiratory pictures; the sample consisted of 346 children diagnosed with ARI selected by simple random sampling. It is established that the predominant pathology was acute rhino pharyngitis (47%); the main biological risk factors were: male (53.18%), age from 1 to 2 years (24.27%), suppression of breastfeeding (72%), prematurity with (30.35%). Among socio-environmental factors: attendance at children's centers (19.95%); cohabitation with smokers with (51.15%); supply of non-prescription drugs, was present among the group as a factor that put the health of children at risk. Pneumonia is the main cause of hospital referral. In March and April IRAs prevail, related to the winter season plus humid climate. We accept the hypothesis that risk factors influence the behavior of ARFs with a level of significance of 0.01. It is essential to implement preventive measures aimed at mothers, caregivers and the population in general, thus avoiding complications of respiratory diseases.
IRAs are currently the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under the age of five. They are caused by microorganisms, viruses and bacteria; the objective of the study was to determine the behavior of ARI in children of that age who attended the Emergency Service of CCQAHD IESS, in the city of Santo Domingo, from January to June, 2016. A design study, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective; with a universe of 3563 children with acute respiratory pictures; the sample consisted of 346 children diagnosed with ARI selected by simple random sampling. It is established that the predominant pathology was acute rhino pharyngitis (47%); the main biological risk factors were: male (53.18%), age from 1 to 2 years (24.27%), suppression of breastfeeding (72%), prematurity with (30.35%). Among socio-environmental factors: attendance at children's centers (19.95%); cohabitation with smokers with (51.15%); supply of non-prescription drugs, was present among the group as a factor that put the health of children at risk. Pneumonia is the main cause of hospital referral. In March and April IRAs prevail, related to the winter season plus humid climate. We accept the hypothesis that risk factors influence the behavior of ARFs with a level of significance of 0.01. It is essential to implement preventive measures aimed at mothers, caregivers and the population in general, thus avoiding complications of respiratory diseases.
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INFECCIONES RESPIRATORIAS AGUDAS, PEDIATRIA, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, CENTRO CLINICO QUIRURGICO AMBULATORIO HOSPITAL DEL DIA IESS DE SANTO DOMINGO, CANTON SANTO DOMINGO, ECUADOR