Destete de la ventilación mecánica en pacientes intubados con politraumatismo
Fecha
2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
La prueba de ventilación espontánea nos permite evaluar la probabilidad de la descontinuación del soporte ventilatorio en una gran variedad de pacientes que son afectados por diferentes patologías que requieren un alto cuidado como en el caso del Traumatismo Craneoencefálico, que es considerado como un problema de salud mundial. El trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad Analizar el método más eficaz de la prueba ventilación espontánea en el proceso de destete en pacientes intubados con politraumatismo craneoencefálico de 18 a 40 años en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital “Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” en el periodo de enero 2019 a junio del 2020.
La metodología de este trabajo posee un estudio retrospectivo con método descriptivo de enfoque cuantitativo y de diseño no experimental en el cual se estudiaron como muestra 30 pacientes de una población de 35 pacientes ingresados por traumatismo craneoencefálico en la UCI del HTMC de enero del 2019 a junio del 2020, recogiendo datos importantes mediante una ficha de recolección de datos.
Como conclusión se determina que se utiliza con mayor frecuencia el método de Presión Soporte sobre el método de tubo en T, pero existe mayor eficacia cuando se emplea este último método, por cual es importante la elaboración de un manual de uso de la prueba de ventilación espontánea dirigida al personal médico que labora en esta casa de salud como como soporte para una utilización correcta de esta prueba.
In different parts of the world, Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI) is considered a health problem that must be addressed immediately, methodically and exhaustively to reduce risks that endanger the health of the patient, being part of the approach the application of invasive ventilatory support. The spontaneous ventilation test allows us to evaluate the probability of discontinuation of ventilatory support in a great variety of patients who are affected by different pathologies that require high care due to their pathophysiology, such as in the case of TBI. The purpose of the research work is to analyze the most effective method of spontaneous ventilation test in the weaning process in intubated patients with Traumatic Brain Injury between 18 and 40 years old in the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital “Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” in the period from January 2019 to June 2020. The methodology of this work has a retrospective study with a descriptive method of quantitative approach and non-experimental design in which 30 patients from a population of 35 patients admitted for TBI in the ICU of the HTMC in January 2019 were studied as a sample. as of June 2020, collecting important data through a data collection sheet. As a conclusion, it is determined that the Pressure method is used more frequently over the T-Piece trial method, but there is greater efficiency when the latter method is used, which is why it is important to prepare a manual for the use of the spontaneous ventilation test. addressed to personal physician who work in this health home as support for a correct use of this test.
In different parts of the world, Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI) is considered a health problem that must be addressed immediately, methodically and exhaustively to reduce risks that endanger the health of the patient, being part of the approach the application of invasive ventilatory support. The spontaneous ventilation test allows us to evaluate the probability of discontinuation of ventilatory support in a great variety of patients who are affected by different pathologies that require high care due to their pathophysiology, such as in the case of TBI. The purpose of the research work is to analyze the most effective method of spontaneous ventilation test in the weaning process in intubated patients with Traumatic Brain Injury between 18 and 40 years old in the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital “Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” in the period from January 2019 to June 2020. The methodology of this work has a retrospective study with a descriptive method of quantitative approach and non-experimental design in which 30 patients from a population of 35 patients admitted for TBI in the ICU of the HTMC in January 2019 were studied as a sample. as of June 2020, collecting important data through a data collection sheet. As a conclusion, it is determined that the Pressure method is used more frequently over the T-Piece trial method, but there is greater efficiency when the latter method is used, which is why it is important to prepare a manual for the use of the spontaneous ventilation test. addressed to personal physician who work in this health home as support for a correct use of this test.
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RESPIRACION ARTIFICIAL, TRAUMATISMO CRANEOCEREBRALES, POLITRAUMATISMO, HOSPITAL DE ESPECIALIDADES DR. TEODORO MALDONADO CARBO, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR, DESTETE