Factores de riesgo de recién nacidos de bajo peso atendidos en el centro de salud materno infantil francisco Jácome, Guayaquil periodo 1 de enero al 30 diciembre 2011
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología. Escuela de Postgrado “Dr. José Apolo Pineda”
Resumen
Se realizó un estudio analítico, retrospectivo, observacional, cuali-cuantitativo para establecer la incidencia de factores de riesgos sociodemográficos, pre gestacionales y gestacionales en el bajo peso del recién nacido. Se utilizó como población de estudio un total de 658 recién nacidos atendidos en el centro materno-infantil Francisco Jácome en el periodo de enero a diciembre del 2011, y mediante criterios de inclusión y exclusión se obtuvo una muestra de 54 neonatos con peso menor a 2500 gr. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas y registros de partos y se los analizó con las siguientes variables: peso del recién nacido y las variables: controles prenatales, periodo intergenesico, edad de la paciente, raza, nivel de escolaridad, nivel socioeconómico, estado civil, hábitos tóxicos, enfermedades maternas (Pre eclampsia-Eclampsia), anemia, edad gestacional, paridad. Los factores que mayor incidencia presentaron fueron: Nivel socioeconómico bajo con un 100 %, el nivel de escolaridad primario con un 66,66 % y los controles prenatales menores a 5 cuya incidencia fue del 74,07 %. Vale resaltar que el bajo peso al nacer es consecuencia de un crecimiento intrauterino inadecuado, de un período gestacional demasiado corto, o de la combinación de ambas alteraciones. Por ello, cabe esperar que los factores relacionados con el BPN representen una confluencia de las causas básicas del parto pre término y del retraso del crecimiento intrauterino. Pese a los continuos adelantos médicos, el conocimiento de las causas básicas de estos trastornos sigue siendo parcial. Aunque muchos de los factores de riesgo conocidos solo pueden considerarse marcadores de las causas verdaderas y subyacentes, pueden ser muy útiles para identificar grupos de riesgo en la población.
Analytical, retrospective, observational study, qualitative and quantitative was performed to establish the incidence of sociodemographic risk factors, pre gestational and gestational in low birth weight. A total of 658 newborns treated at the maternity hospital Francisco Jacome in the period January to December 2011 was used as the study population, and through inclusion and exclusion criteria for a sample of 54 infants was obtained weighing less than 2500 gr. The data I collected from medical records and records of births and are analyzed with the following variables: birth weight and the variables: antenatal, intergenesic period, patient age, race, education level, socioeconomic status, state civil, toxic habits, maternal diseases (preeclampsia-eclampsia), anemia, gestational age, higher incidence paridad. The factors presented were: low socioeconomic level with 100% primary school level with 66.66% and controls Prenatal under 5 whose incidence was 74.07%. It is noteworthy that low birth weight is a result of inadequate intrauterine growth, too short gestational period, or a combination of both phenomena. Therefore, it is expected that the factors associated with LBW represent a confluence of the root causes of preterm birth and intrauterine growth retardation. Despite continued medical advances, knowledge of the underlying causes of these disorders remains partial. Although many of the known risk factors can only be considered markers of the true and underlying causes can be very useful in identifying risk groups in the population.
Analytical, retrospective, observational study, qualitative and quantitative was performed to establish the incidence of sociodemographic risk factors, pre gestational and gestational in low birth weight. A total of 658 newborns treated at the maternity hospital Francisco Jacome in the period January to December 2011 was used as the study population, and through inclusion and exclusion criteria for a sample of 54 infants was obtained weighing less than 2500 gr. The data I collected from medical records and records of births and are analyzed with the following variables: birth weight and the variables: antenatal, intergenesic period, patient age, race, education level, socioeconomic status, state civil, toxic habits, maternal diseases (preeclampsia-eclampsia), anemia, gestational age, higher incidence paridad. The factors presented were: low socioeconomic level with 100% primary school level with 66.66% and controls Prenatal under 5 whose incidence was 74.07%. It is noteworthy that low birth weight is a result of inadequate intrauterine growth, too short gestational period, or a combination of both phenomena. Therefore, it is expected that the factors associated with LBW represent a confluence of the root causes of preterm birth and intrauterine growth retardation. Despite continued medical advances, knowledge of the underlying causes of these disorders remains partial. Although many of the known risk factors can only be considered markers of the true and underlying causes can be very useful in identifying risk groups in the population.
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RECIEN NACIDO DE BAJO PESO, FACTORES DE RIESGO