Caracterización de los factores asociados a dismenorrea en adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años en tres Unidades Educativas de las Provincias de Guayas, Manabí y Los Ríos año 2017
Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
El estudio tuvo como objetivo principal determinar las características y factores relacionados con la dismenorrea, su afectación en la calidad de vida de la mujer adolescente, y diseñar una propuesta educativa para el manejo y conducta a seguir frente a la misma. El estudio abarcó a estudiantes adolescentes que presentaban cuadro de dismenorrea en edades comprendidas entre 12 a 18 años, en el año 2017 de tres unidades educativas de las provincias de Guayas, Manabí y Los Ríos. Para esto se usó un estudio descriptivo, correlacional, trasversal de tipo no experimental. Luego de realizada la encuesta y posterior a la tabulación, los resultados demostraron que, el 52% de adolescentes tuvieron su menarquia a los 12 años; el 76%, refirieron sentir dolor o cólicos durante la menstruación, además el 62,7% de las adolescentes encuestadas, refirieron, faltar al colegio cuando han presentado este tipo de problema. La dismenorrea es un trastorno que se caracteriza por un dolor pélvico asociado con el ciclo menstrual, de aparición frecuente en las adolescentes, la misma que tiene un alto impacto en la vida de la mujer, ya que es la causa de incapacitación y disminución del rendimiento académico, alteraciones en el estado de ánimo, afectación de las relaciones interpersonales, y automedicación. Algunos estudios indicaron que la algomenorrea puede estar relacionada con la producción excesiva de prostaglandinas. Estas hormonas, son las responsables del aumento de las contracciones de los músculos uterinos, pudiendo explicar la intensidad del dolor.
The main objective of the study was to determine the characteristics and factors related to dysmenorrhoea, its impact on the quality of life of adolescent women, and design an educational proposal for management and behavior to be followed. The study included adolescent students who presented dysmenorrhoea between 12 and 18 years old, in 2017, of three educational units in the provinces of Guayas, Manabí and Los Ríos. For this, a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional non-experimental study was used. After the survey and after the tabulation, the results showed that, 52% of adolescents had their menarche at 12 years; 76% reported feeling pain or cramping during menstruation, in addition 62.7% of the adolescents surveyed, reported, missing school when they have presented this type of problem. Dysmenorrhea is a disorder that is characterized by a pelvic pain associated with the menstrual cycle, often occurring in adolescents, which has a high impact on the life of women, since it is the cause of disability and decreased performance academic, alterations in the state of mind, affectation of interpersonal relationships, and self-medication. Some studies indicated that algomenorrhea may be related to excessive production of prostaglandins. These hormones are responsible for the increase in contractions of the uterine muscles, which may explain the intensity of the pain.
The main objective of the study was to determine the characteristics and factors related to dysmenorrhoea, its impact on the quality of life of adolescent women, and design an educational proposal for management and behavior to be followed. The study included adolescent students who presented dysmenorrhoea between 12 and 18 years old, in 2017, of three educational units in the provinces of Guayas, Manabí and Los Ríos. For this, a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional non-experimental study was used. After the survey and after the tabulation, the results showed that, 52% of adolescents had their menarche at 12 years; 76% reported feeling pain or cramping during menstruation, in addition 62.7% of the adolescents surveyed, reported, missing school when they have presented this type of problem. Dysmenorrhea is a disorder that is characterized by a pelvic pain associated with the menstrual cycle, often occurring in adolescents, which has a high impact on the life of women, since it is the cause of disability and decreased performance academic, alterations in the state of mind, affectation of interpersonal relationships, and self-medication. Some studies indicated that algomenorrhea may be related to excessive production of prostaglandins. These hormones are responsible for the increase in contractions of the uterine muscles, which may explain the intensity of the pain.
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Adolescente, Dismenorrea, Menarquía, Unidad Educativa Assad Bucaram, Unidad Educativa Aurora Estrada y Ayala, Unidad Educativa Ciudad de Pedernales, Cantón Guayaquil, Cantón Babahoyo, Cantón Pedernales, Ecuador