Análisis de susceptibilidad a procesos por remoción en masa en la vía Troncal – La Costa de la parroquia Alamor, cantón Puyango, provincia de Loja.
Fecha
2021-03
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
En la vía E25 Troncal de la Costa del cantón Puyango provincia de Loja se efectuó el análisis de susceptibilidad a procesos de remoción en masa. Esta investigación implicó trabajo de campo entre ellos; el inventario de movimientos de masa, levantamiento Geológico-Geomecánico, además del Análisis Estadístico en SIG para la identificación de los factores que causan la ocurrencia de movimientos y la elaboración del mapa de susceptibilidad. Se consideraron 8 factores entre ellos condicionantes y detonantes, los cuales fueron generados mediante el uso de herramientas GIS, siendo los condicionantes; pendientes, litología, geomecánica, red de drenaje, geomorfología y los detonantes; precipitación , fallas y uso de suelo. Dichos mapas fueron combinados con el mapa de movimientos en masa evaluando así la susceptibilidad a movimientos en masa considerando esos factores. Utilizando la ecuación de Van Westen (1997) se determinó el peso de cada factor para posteriormente elaborar el mapa de susceptibilidad de movimientos en masa el cual fue clasificado cinco clases o zonas de susceptibilidad (susceptibilidad Muy baja, Baja, Moderada, Alta y Muy alta) para el área de estudio. Los resultados mostraron que de los 5 factores considerados como condicionantes, la litología mostró mayor influencia en cuanto al peso obtenido y el uso de suelo y precipitaciones son los detonantes que activan los deslizamientos en el área. El mapa de susceptibilidad junto con su respectiva validación presentó el 86% de precisión considerado un modelo de predicción muy bueno y puede ser utilizado para fin de planificación del territorio y mitigación.
In the E25 Troncal de la Costa road of the Puyango canton, Loja province, the susceptibility analysis to mass removal processes was carried out. This research involved field work between them; the inventory of mass movements, Geological-Geomechanical survey, in addition to the Statistical Analysis in GIS for the identification of the factors that cause the occurrence of movements and the preparation of the susceptibility map. Eight factors were considered, among them conditioning and triggers, which were generated through the use of GIS tools, the determining factors being; slopes, lithology, geomechanics, drainage network, geomorphology and triggers; precipitation, failures and land use. These maps were combined with the mass movement map, thus evaluating the susceptibility to mass movements considering these factors. Using the Van Westen equation (1997), the weight of each factor was determined to later elaborate the mass movement susceptibility map, which was classified into five classes or zones of susceptibility (Very low, Low, Moderate, High and Very high susceptibility) for the study area. The results showed that of the 5 factors considered as conditioning factors, the lithology showed the greatest influence in terms of the weight obtained and the use of land and rainfall are the triggers that activate the landslides in the area. The susceptibility map, together with its respective validation, presented 86% accuracy, considered a very good prediction model and can be used for the purpose of land planning and mitigation.
In the E25 Troncal de la Costa road of the Puyango canton, Loja province, the susceptibility analysis to mass removal processes was carried out. This research involved field work between them; the inventory of mass movements, Geological-Geomechanical survey, in addition to the Statistical Analysis in GIS for the identification of the factors that cause the occurrence of movements and the preparation of the susceptibility map. Eight factors were considered, among them conditioning and triggers, which were generated through the use of GIS tools, the determining factors being; slopes, lithology, geomechanics, drainage network, geomorphology and triggers; precipitation, failures and land use. These maps were combined with the mass movement map, thus evaluating the susceptibility to mass movements considering these factors. Using the Van Westen equation (1997), the weight of each factor was determined to later elaborate the mass movement susceptibility map, which was classified into five classes or zones of susceptibility (Very low, Low, Moderate, High and Very high susceptibility) for the study area. The results showed that of the 5 factors considered as conditioning factors, the lithology showed the greatest influence in terms of the weight obtained and the use of land and rainfall are the triggers that activate the landslides in the area. The susceptibility map, together with its respective validation, presented 86% accuracy, considered a very good prediction model and can be used for the purpose of land planning and mitigation.
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SUSCEPTIBILIDAD, GEOMECÁNICA, ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO, SIG