Tratamiento microabrasivo del esmalte hipocalcificado. Un caso clínico
Fecha
2013-06-21
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación se realiza con el objetivo de tener un
alto nivel de conocimiento y de experiencia clínica para poder manejar de
manera exitosa las resinas al momento de realizar una operatoria dental,
buscando conocer el tratamiento microabrasivo del esmalte
hipocalcificado. La microabrasión del esmalte es el procedimiento por el
cual se remueve una parte superficial fina del esmalte con un agente
erosivo más un agente abrasivo.
Para estos fines los materiales como el acido fosfórico al 37% y la piedra
pómez son los más indicados. Las anomalías que causan las alteraciones
de color son hipoplasia e hipocalcificación de esmalte, estas son
causadas por presencia de cualquier factor etiológico que altere la
formación de esmalte dentario en una de sus fases de formación. Puede
ser: adquirida, congénita o hereditaria, dependiendo de la causa y la fase
de formación afectada.
Los cambios en los conceptos acerca del cuidado dental, la mejora de los
materiales y técnicas y la preocupación de los pacientes por su aspecto,
han sido responsables del aumento de la importancia de la Odontología
estética en los últimos años.
La técnica de Microabrasión del esmalte es aplicada como una alternativa
estética en aquellos casos donde se deseen eliminar manchas blancas,
vetas, coloraciones parduscas o pigmentaciones por desmineralización,
de una manera rápida, efectiva y conservadora. La técnica se basa en la
microreducción química y mecánica del esmalte superficial.
Los cambios modernos en la concepción de la belleza han llevado a
diferentes especialidades del conocimiento humano, a desarrollar nuevas
técnicas y materiales que cumplan con las exigencias que la salud y la
estética imponen en el campo odontológico, la demanda de los
tratamientos que mejoran y embellecen la sonrisa ha aumentado
8
considerablemente; las manchas y decoloraciones en los dientes han sido
un reto para el odontólogo.
Los dientes pueden tener pigmentaciones por muchas causas; algunas
pueden ser adquiridas, otras son producto del desarrollo dentario
(dentinogénesis imperfecta) o son originadas por la toma de antibióticos
como tetraciclina; en otras ocasiones, son producto de traumas o
infecciones alrededor de un diente, altas fiebres o enfermedades crónicas
prolongadas durante la niñez.
Este trabajo de investigación abarca diversos contenidos que ayudaran a
entender aún mas las ventajas y desventajas de la microabrasión del
esmalte, Identificar en qué casos está indicado, establecer el diagnóstico
diferencial con lesiones similares y describir en q consiste esta técnica.
Las conclusiones a las que eh llegado son que el tratamiento de las
anomalías dentarias son los que determinan el color de la mancha, la
ubicación anatómica y la severidad a realizar en cada caso, aunque se ha
demostrado en diversos estudios que algunas manchas o decoloraciones
del esmalte, aunque intrínsecas, se sitúan y limitan únicamente a la capa
más superficial, para lo cual se ha desarrollado una técnica denominada
microabrasión del esmalte, la cual se basa en producir erosión y abrasión
microscópica en el esmalte con un compuesto, dejando una superficie de
esmalte sano en el diente, eliminando así las manchas blancas, crema,
vetas y coloraciones parduscas superficiales.
The present research is performed with the goal of having a high level of clinical knowledge and experience to manage resins so successful when making a dental operatory seeking to know the treatment microabrasive enamel I hypocalcified . Microabrasion enamel is the process by which a thin surface of the enamel is removed with an agent an abrasive agent more erosive . For this purpose materials such as phosphoric acid 37% and stone pumice are best . The anomalies that cause the alterations color are enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification , these are caused by the presence of any etiological factor that alters the enamel formation in their formative stages . may be : acquired , congenital or hereditary , depending on the cause and stage formation of affected . Changes in concepts about dental care , improving materials and techniques and concerns of patients about their looks , have been responsible for the increased importance of Dentistry surgery in recent years . Microabrasion technique enamel is applied as an alternative aesthetics in cases where desired remove white spots, veins brownish discoloration or pigmentation by demineralization quickly, effectively and conservatively. The technique is based on the microreducción chemical and mechanical surface enamel. Modern changes in the conception of beauty have been different fields of human knowledge, to develop new techniques and materials that meet the requirements and health impose aesthetics in dentistry , demand treatments that improve and beautify the smile has increased 8 considerably, stains and discolorations on the teeth have been a challenge for the dentist . Teeth can have many causes pigmentation , some can be purchased , others are the result of tooth development ( dentinogenesis imperfecta ) or are caused by taking antibiotics as tetracycline , at other times , they are the result of trauma or around a tooth infections , high fevers and chronic diseases longer during childhood. This research covers various contents that help understand even more the advantages and disadvantages of the microabrasion enamel, identify in which cases indicated, the diagnosis differential with similar injuries and q is described in this technique. The conclusions reached are that eh treatment of dental anomalies are what determine the color of the stain, the anatomical location and severity required in each case , although it has shown in several studies that some stains or discolorations enamel , although intrinsic , are positioned and limited only to the layer more surface , for which it has been developed a technique known Enamel micro abrasion , which is based on producing erosion and abrasion I microscopic enamel with a compound , leaving a surface of sound enamel on the tooth , removing the white , cream spots superficial veins and brownish colors.
The present research is performed with the goal of having a high level of clinical knowledge and experience to manage resins so successful when making a dental operatory seeking to know the treatment microabrasive enamel I hypocalcified . Microabrasion enamel is the process by which a thin surface of the enamel is removed with an agent an abrasive agent more erosive . For this purpose materials such as phosphoric acid 37% and stone pumice are best . The anomalies that cause the alterations color are enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification , these are caused by the presence of any etiological factor that alters the enamel formation in their formative stages . may be : acquired , congenital or hereditary , depending on the cause and stage formation of affected . Changes in concepts about dental care , improving materials and techniques and concerns of patients about their looks , have been responsible for the increased importance of Dentistry surgery in recent years . Microabrasion technique enamel is applied as an alternative aesthetics in cases where desired remove white spots, veins brownish discoloration or pigmentation by demineralization quickly, effectively and conservatively. The technique is based on the microreducción chemical and mechanical surface enamel. Modern changes in the conception of beauty have been different fields of human knowledge, to develop new techniques and materials that meet the requirements and health impose aesthetics in dentistry , demand treatments that improve and beautify the smile has increased 8 considerably, stains and discolorations on the teeth have been a challenge for the dentist . Teeth can have many causes pigmentation , some can be purchased , others are the result of tooth development ( dentinogenesis imperfecta ) or are caused by taking antibiotics as tetracycline , at other times , they are the result of trauma or around a tooth infections , high fevers and chronic diseases longer during childhood. This research covers various contents that help understand even more the advantages and disadvantages of the microabrasion enamel, identify in which cases indicated, the diagnosis differential with similar injuries and q is described in this technique. The conclusions reached are that eh treatment of dental anomalies are what determine the color of the stain, the anatomical location and severity required in each case , although it has shown in several studies that some stains or discolorations enamel , although intrinsic , are positioned and limited only to the layer more surface , for which it has been developed a technique known Enamel micro abrasion , which is based on producing erosion and abrasion I microscopic enamel with a compound , leaving a surface of sound enamel on the tooth , removing the white , cream spots superficial veins and brownish colors.
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Palabras clave
OPERATORIA DENTAL, ESMALTE DENTAL, RESINAS