Factores biológicos y perinatales incidentes en la pérdida de peso en neonatos al egreso hospitalario
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Antecedentes. El período neonatal comprende las primeras 4 semanas de vida de un niño, donde los cambios son muy rápidos, y se pueden presentar muchos eventos críticos. Entre los cambios más importantes están los relacionados con el crecimiento, y entre las particularidades de este periodo está la pérdida de peso fisiológica durante la primera semana de vida, la misma que puede incrementarse, debido a factores presentes durante el periodo perinatal. Objetivo: Determinar los factores biológicos y perinatales asociados a la mayor pérdida de peso en neonatos entre las 24 y 72 horas de edad, en el hospital “Miguel H- Alcívar” de Bahía de Caráquez durante enero a marzo del 2019. Metodología. Fue de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, retrospectivo, de corte transversal. El universo lo constituyen todos los neonatos nacidos en el hospital “Miguel H. Alcívar”, la población fue de 240 neonatos y la muestra fue no probabilística, igual a la población, sujeta a criterios de selección. Resultados. La mayoría de madres fue de >19 años (81.25%); procedentes del sector urbano (60.3%), sexo del neonato fue femenino en 56.5% y masculino 43.5%; tipo de parto prevalente fue transvaginal 53.2%, Apgar de 8 con 78.5%. El líquido amniótico teñido ocurrió en el 25.7% de casos; y se registró patología materna en el último trimestre
en un 30.8%. Conclusiones. Existe una mayor pérdida de peso en neonatos al egreso hospitalario, relacionado con factores biológicos y perinatales como el tipo de parto y patologías maternas durante el último trimestre del embarazo y en aquellos que presentaron líquido amniótico teñido al nacer.
Background. The neonatal period includes the first 4 weeks of a child's life, where changes in the child are very rapid, and many critical events can occur. Objective. To determine the biological and perinatal factors that affect weight loss in infants at hospital discharge born in the hospital "Miguel H- Alcívar" Hospital of Bahía de Caráquez during the period of January - March 2019. ethodology. Nonexperimental, transversal, correlational design. It was carried out using a data collection sheet in the population of term neonates, without pathology and who were exclusively breastfed. Results. It was obtained mostly mothers of 20 and more years of age with 81.25%; from the urban sector with 60.42% and rural 39.58%, sex of the newborn was female 56.25% and male 43.75%; according to type of delivery, 52.92% were transvaginal and 47.08% were cesarean; Apgar of 8 with 78.66%, among others; as regards the amniotic fluid, 25.83% was stained; and they had some maternal pathology in the last quarter 30.83%. It is statistically significant, with a confidence level of 95% and a value of p <0.05, where the type of delivery by transvaginal is related to maternal pathology in mothers over 19 years of age. Conclusions. There is a greater weight loss in neonates at hospital discharge related to biological and perinatal factors such as the type of delivery and maternal pathologies during the last trimester of pregnancy.
Background. The neonatal period includes the first 4 weeks of a child's life, where changes in the child are very rapid, and many critical events can occur. Objective. To determine the biological and perinatal factors that affect weight loss in infants at hospital discharge born in the hospital "Miguel H- Alcívar" Hospital of Bahía de Caráquez during the period of January - March 2019. ethodology. Nonexperimental, transversal, correlational design. It was carried out using a data collection sheet in the population of term neonates, without pathology and who were exclusively breastfed. Results. It was obtained mostly mothers of 20 and more years of age with 81.25%; from the urban sector with 60.42% and rural 39.58%, sex of the newborn was female 56.25% and male 43.75%; according to type of delivery, 52.92% were transvaginal and 47.08% were cesarean; Apgar of 8 with 78.66%, among others; as regards the amniotic fluid, 25.83% was stained; and they had some maternal pathology in the last quarter 30.83%. It is statistically significant, with a confidence level of 95% and a value of p <0.05, where the type of delivery by transvaginal is related to maternal pathology in mothers over 19 years of age. Conclusions. There is a greater weight loss in neonates at hospital discharge related to biological and perinatal factors such as the type of delivery and maternal pathologies during the last trimester of pregnancy.
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RECIEN NACIDO DE BAJO PESO, FACTORES BIOLOGICOS, FACTORES PERINATALES, ESTUDIOS RETROSEPCTIVOS, HOSPITAL ALCIVAR, PEDIATRIA, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR